Gileadean regime Essay Example for Free

Gileadean regime EssayExplore the way in which Marg bet Atwood prefaces Moira The Handmaids Tale. Refer closely to any literary and linguistic approaches where necessary. Within The Handmaids Tale Atwood presents us with many characters that are emotionally weak Janine, Offred and even the Commander residing in the higher echelons of society all possess a deprivation of spirit brought about by the oppressive and restrictive nature of the Gileadean regime.In contrast to this we are presented with Moira and through her Atwood is able to create tension, conflict and a rebelliousness that is otherwise only seen in the recollections of Offreds mother. Moira acts as a representative for indep closing curtainence and liberty in the novel, she defies her oppressors and is seen by Offred as a role fashion model that she finds impossible to aspire to. Moira constantly battles the status quo she parades her lesbianism and manages on two occasions to defeat the system at the disgrace of t he much-hated Aunts.She is confidant in both mood and speech. Dont move verbalize Moira or Ill stick it all the way in The boldness of this imperative paired with the violent con nonations attached to theverb stick gives Moira the sorry tone she needs to intimidate Aunt Elizabeth. Moira is portrayed as an activist, she does non merely contemplate the possibilities of emancipation as Offred does and Offred recognizes this with dissatis particularion as she muses the prospect of what she can do with the fan that she has been given. If I were Moira I would know how tot take it apart, reduce it to its cutting edges. I befool no screwdriver precisely if I were Moira I could do it without a screwdriver. Im not Moira. This quote clearly outlines the practical nature of Moira juxtapositioned with themore theoretical approach that we would associate with Offred who loathes herself for it. The syntactic parallelism If I were Moira but if I were Moira points to the irony that Moira, i n the same situation as Offred could use the fan to aid her escape. When we first learn of Moiras disappearance in chapter 22 we are not fully informed as to the details of her flight the thought of Moiras freedom made the other Handmaids feel dizzy. Atwood purposely withholds this information to let the reader portion out in this feeling of suspense the mystery surrounding Moira at this pointenhances her charisma.Offred recalls the Handmaids feeling a sense of victory over the aunts Moira had shown that they could be defeated and so easily too, through Moiras actions the Aunts force was diminished. Having belittled the enemy she is seen to have great power, Offred refers to her as a loose cleaning woman a clichi connoting sexual freedom but cleverly a second implication of the characters unbridled power now that she is free. When Moira escapes, the future seems to hold promise for the Handmaids.The thought of what Moira could do now that she is free gives them a sense of presenc e, apressure reaching its climatic point. Moira was resembling an elevator with open sides. She made us dizzy This simile poses threat and the sense of freedom that Moiras escape gives the other women. Much of Moiras character is revealed to us through direct speech This is a loony bin, Moira said. Im so glad to see you, I said Where can we talk? said Moira. The used of direct address here brings the reader closer to the story and builds tension and suspense through the feeling that they are present at the measure of conversation.The colloquialism loony-bin reveals that Moira is a non-conformist Atwoodcreatively uses her as a reminiscence of the time before. Moiras interrogative response Where can we talk? conveys that Moira does not linger over sentimentalities as Offred would it shows that she is active rather than passive. The clipped syntax reflects the rushed exchange of spoken discourse giving a nervous step to both characters and reminding the reader of the volatile sit uation that the Handmaids are in. Moira is incredibly blas throughout the novel her nonchalance shows even in her response to working at Jezebels which forget lead to an impending death in the Colonies.Youd have three or four good years before your snatch wears out and they send you to the bone-yard. The commonplaceness of the expletive snatch corresponding with the verb wears describes the female body in a manufactured way, dispensable for male pleasure and just as easily given up of. It is this taboo language that Atwood uses to familiarize us with Moira. Her reference to the Colonies as the bone-yard is further evidence of Moiras office to perceive things in a brutally realistic way.The fact that she is graphically aware of the inevitable doom she faces and does not react over-sentimentally show Moiras unwavering courage. When Offred reflect on her student behavior in the time before we see that Moiras attitude to sex was then just as relaxed and liberal as it is under the Gileadean rule Im giving an under-whore party Tarts stuff, lace crotches, blastoff garters. Bras that push your tits up Here the three-part list indicates the casual attitude that Moira has towards sex, she is comfortable with her sexuality and her taboo language reflects this.The portmanteau under-whore adds humour to Moiras character and so contrasts with the presentwhere humour is essentially forbidden. Moira is irreverent and shows contempt to every boldness of injustice Camaraderie shit How much do you want to bet shes got Janine down on her knees I bet she got her working away on that dried up, hairy old withered This quote is evidence of Moiras iconoclastic beliefs there is a linguistic shock between the positive noun Camaraderie and the negative expletive noun shit. This shows the complete disrespect that Moira has for those who blindly follow the theocratic regime. Offred sees her irreverence as a source of power.There is something in the whispering of obscenities about those in power it deflates them, reduces them to the common denominator where they can be dealt with. Here Atwood uses visual language comparing those in power to something that can be deflated. This gives connotations of a balloon filled with air and its course is therefore precarious and fickle as to where it could blow. This is allegorical to the regime Atwood makes the point that wheresoever there is oppression there is unavoidable rebellion.Moira sees through all aspects of the regime with explicit cynicism, in Jezebels sheanalyses the actions of all the men in power with insulting accuracy. Its like screwing on the altar, your gang are supposed to be such chaste vessels they like to see you all painted up. Just another loud power trip The pre-modifier crummy reduces the Commanders who perceive themselves as omnipotent to mere perverts. The use of the expletive screwing is further evidence of Moiras iconoclastic views. The use of the joint noun all painted up reduces the Co mmanders desires to petit and perverse, there is a linguistic shock to aid Moiras criticism in the antithesis of screwing and chaste vessels.Through Moira Atwood reminds us that Jezebels is a prescribed reality for those in power. The architects of this new society who claim their actions were to protect women from the world by eradicating pornography and prostitution are now seen as dictatorial hypocrites. Jezebels exposes the hypocrisy of the men who prate about sexual morality and then spend their evenings sleeping with prostitutes in a club, purpose built. The most poignant aspect of the novel is realised through the change in Moira.In their last encounter Offred learns that the spirit of both Moira and her mother, bothfigures of transgression and resistance in the Handmaids life, have been broken. Throughout the novel, Atwood has set up a heroine in the eyes of both the Handmaid and the reader who believe that if there is to be a fortunate end to this grim tale then it will be accomplished through Moira. In their last meeting at Jezebels we disappointingly realise that this is not so She is frightening me now because what I hear in her voice is indifference and a lack of volition.It is the abstract nouns indifference and volition that indicate the chance in Moira, the woman who, in times of need, Offred looked to as a source of hope has now become just like her, instead of embodying defiance Moira now embodies Gileads ability to crush even the strongest of spirits. I dont want to be like her as far as something I lack. Give in, go along, save her skin I want swash-buckling heroism from her, single handed combat. Something I lack. This three-part syndetic list describes Offred who has romanticised and projected on to Moira the qualities she wished she possessed and is here, along with the reader, sorely mistaken. I dont know how she endBecause I never saw her again What has happened to Moira is an anticlimax we do not expect to be left unknowing, the nov el now seems closer to real life than fiction and this brings the starkness of Offreds reality to the readers attention. Moiras spiritual demise and erasure is an elaboration of the full force of oppression Margaret Atwood presents us with, once a courageous, outspoken woman has become a despondent pessimist with no hope of escaping Gilead. It is this change in Moira that makes us realise the true awfulness of the situation so many women in the novel are in.

Concepts of Cultural Artefacts

Concepts of Cultural ArtefactsThis paper discusses about cultural artefacts and the concepts of the cultural artefacts. It also provides the artefacts of the cultural in devote to represent the cultural events, economics and the entertainments. This paper analyses the details of the artifact that related to the values and the beliefs of the culture and it also investigates the deep cultural root of the artefacts. It analyses the historical roots that are allowed to the artefacts of the culture. This paper examines the influences of the artefacts to the development of the cultural period. It also concludes with this concept by providing the better exploitation that might undergo to the cultural artefacts.Cultural artefactsThe artifact is the cardinal that made by the human being and typically it is an item of historical interest. The cultural artifact is made by observing something in a scientific way of investigation and that is naturally presented. The artifact is the element in which the historical events, situations, entertainment, heritage can be identified by the human being. The artefacts include the function, computer architecture the designs and so on for the identification of the cultural influences. It is the historical tools that can deliver the environment of the earlier cultural great deal. The cultural artefacts have the deep roots in the typeface of representing the philosophy, religion, and economics of the earlier culture.In the case of African culture, the unison was the main artifact on their culture and the impact of the practice of medicine on the African culture positively. Their society and the regions are contributing the melodic traditions. The melody was the better influence on the African culture and they impact their heritage, entertainment and the social perspectives of the African culture. In earlier, many languages were spoken by African and those languages led the connection among the music in their local cultures. The African music influenced the language, the environment, regime, a variety of cultures, and the commonwealth movement of the Africans.African culture had characterised by the cultures, traditions, beliefs, religions and the artistic expressions. African people had integrated music in their daily actions and the music was the inspiration part of their lives. The forms of the music influenced their traditions, beliefs and phantasmal and the artistic expression and the values. The forms of the music also contributed in the case of love appreciation among the African people and their music involved in the case of community participation.In African culture, the musical theater practises have influenced the social, economic, and the political structures and they impact the African people positively. The musical traditions of Africa were dynamic, and the music practises had modified the African culture throughout the creative and the traditions were articulated inter-generationally. The musical traditions of Africa had impacted by various factors that are trade, colonialism, religious expansion, and the migration. The African music traditions were popular and they got the positive feedback from other countries by their movement in the case of composing music.The African music became very famous in the case of expressing their opinions, contentions, share philosophy and display the critiques. The African musical traditions were utilized for the communication, synchronization, adversity and so on. The music was composed not barely for entertainment and but for delivering the philosophical messages and the concepts of the African culture. African students were engaged to discussing the variety of artists for the evaluation of the musical direction and so on.African musical practises were provided with emotion, power, rhythm that are through the field hollerers, work songs and the blues. African music had set the standards and they became the source of the perfect m usic styles in their culture. The African musical traditions were very popular when compared to other cultures and hence they have the capability to cover the audience. Musical traditions were the functional in Africans ethnic life and that were accompanying birth, marriage, hunting and political activities. The music traditions were involved in the case of politics, economic and the social perspectives of the African culture.African people were traditionally ensures the passage of the cultural practises from one generation to another. The historical accounts of the African music and the dance can be found from the oral literature of the African culture. The esthetic and the utilitarian were the functions and they were served by the African musical traditions. The functions involved in everyday activities of the African people such as child rearing practises, national ceremonies, mental hospital rules and the agricultural activities. They were considered as the historical roots of the African musical traditions. The musical practises of the African were played a vital role in the case of religious influence. The number of musical songs was provided for the Christian services and hence the musical practises encourage the Christianity in African culture.On the other hand the Islamic and the Arabic people were also composing the musical concepts for their culture and the religion. In the case of political activities, the African musical practises were utilised for addressing the activities in the African culture. The African political surgical incision recognized the musical practises to enhance the entertainment of the African people and to enhance the society of the Africa in the case of music. The one of the music historical root was politics for the musical artefacts in Africa. The social, political and the economical factors were the historical roots of the African musical practises.The political ways of approach was the responsible for the musical developm ent in Africa and they allowed the music to enhance in early. In traditional cultural period, the African music was make for the enhancement and the musical cultural period was from 1889-1990. During that time the music composers were developed and now also they are providing the better contribution in the case of developing the musical artefacts. The major development has occurred in the case of musical artefacts between 1889 and 1990.The anticipation will be effective in the musical practises to the African future generation. The musical technologies will be developed more in future culture of Africa and the people will be excellent in the case of composing musical and the dance artefacts. They will be the best music composers in the world when compared to other cultures. This musical artifact will be passed to the future generation of the Africa as perfect and they will be also motivated the musical composers and this artifact will get the higher value among the future generat ions. This entertainment will provide the better outcome to African culture and to the future generations.In future, the evolution of the musical artifact will be rhythm, melody and the harmony and they can provide the better musical experience to the musical artefacts. The evolution of the music will be effective for the future generations and the music artefacts will be delivered with the various technologies in African culture. African culture was the sources of the musical artefacts and they could only provide the various types of musical methods. The African culture will be modified by the utilization of the western music artefacts and this will be future evolution.ConclusionAfrican cultural artefacts and the importance of their artefacts were discussed. The relationship of the musical artefacts with the beliefs and the African cultural perspectives were described. The historical roots of the African culture were detailed and the cultural periods of African artefacts were exami ned. The future evolution and the anticipation of the musical artifact was concluded.

Strategies for Market Research

Strategies for Market ResearchMarketing is a business discipline undertaken for cardinal sole purpose, to en fitted change of their product and service to consumers. The consumer behavior is the study of how consumers interact with their surrounding surroundings when purchasing or disposing off the product. It forms the basis of commercializeing psychology i.e. why a person chooses one alternative over the different. The increasing competition and cultural shifts in societies across the globe have made grocery storeing a dispute task. Therefore, foodstuffers must strive to understand consumers behaviour and the drivers behind such behaviour in order to serve them tumefy. Focus should be on wide-ranging factors similar consumer attitude, buying habits, the colours they like, the tastes they prefer and so on. This study of consumer behaviour is critical to the success of businesses today and is the basic purpose of the send of market enquiry.As per advertising guru David Og ilvy negligence of explore in business is like ignoring decodes of enemy signals in a war. He recognized that people who enter the market without prim research face the risk of their hard work world blown up by the winds of change. In his book he has discussed the value of market research which can get learning on expected consumer response to a product way before they argon launched in the market thus miserliness millions. Companies like proctor and gamble (PG) and Unilever realized this way before than others which added to their competitive advantage. Nowadays whether you be a manufacturer, a retailer, an MNC or a local store, consumer market research is inevitable in order for the business to succeed. This is the primary reason behind the phenomenal rise of market research agencies in the last a couple of(prenominal) decades.Qualitative Market ResearchTalking some market research, the most emerging practice now days is qualitative market research. Qualitative market r esearch is the technique of market research that involves observation, analysis and interpretation of behaviour of a small total of people in their natural setting. The researchers ask full(a) open ended questions and collect descriptive data from participants. Unlike quantitative market research, where the snap is on finding trends and doing prediction, qualitative market research focuses on explaining behaviour. It helps in providing more in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour (why and how). The three most comm and utilize techniques areFocus crowd Discussions,In depth interviews (on one to one basis), andObserving participants in their natural environment i.e. ethnography.Out of these, focus multitude discussions are of the most common type. So much so that they have become synonymous with the term qualitative market research.Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)Focus root discussion was one of the first qualitative research beam of lights available to the practitioners. It involves group of people sitting in an interview like setting. A typical focus group consists of 6-10 people who are unrelated to each other. They are brought together by a moderator. In the field ofmarketing, focus groups are used as an important tool for acquiring consumer feedback. People are asked open ended questions about their attitude, values, beliefs and perceptions towards a especial(a) product, marking, advertisement, concept or encase. This technique capitalizes on the inter-personal communication amongst participants to generate data. This means that quite of asking one to one questions, the researcher throws the topic of discussion to the group and encourages them to share their ideas and opinions and counter question each others experiences.Following travel are involved in focus group discussionsSet the objectives The purpose of the study needs to be clear and specific. The more well defined the objective, easier the effectuation and analysis.Identify information needs It involves decision upon what clients already know and what questions needs to be answered, what hypothesis is to be set regarding attitudes and motives and on what topics feedback is required.Identify participants This involves decisions as to number of participants required, preferred characteristics of the participants and the method of recruiting them.Generate questions A list of open ended questions needs to be kept handy. For e.g. instead of asking do you like this packaging? the moderator shall ask, What do you think about this packaging?Select moderator The moderator should be a knowl adjoinable person with regard to the issue in hand. Also, he should be able to deal tactfully with the participants, keep the discussion on the right track and free from any bias and preconceived notion.Select the venue The venue for the focus group study should be able to accommodate 5 to 15 people easily. Also, it should be easily accessib le for the participants. A well selected venue overly helps in encouraging conversation (cozy, inviting and so forth.Moderate groups The moderator pull up stakes ensure the discussion keeps flowing in the right direction, probe respondents and draw out important questions. break up and prepare reports After thorough review of tapes recorded and notes taken, a written summary of results is submitted to the clients.Focus group discussions as a technique is most meet in the situations where opinions and attitudes of consumers are conditional to the purpose of study. It is too suited in new areas of research. However, caution should be taken when the discussion could become emotionally raw(a) or where confidentiality of information could be compromised.The advantages of focus group discussions are in abundance. This method is extremely useful for bringing out the unanticipated reactions from the participants giving information about not only what behaviour people execute, but also how and why people behave so. Due to this reason, it can also be used as an effective complaisant research tool in case of children or adults who are less literate. Thus, focus groups help in providing information about why or how a person holds certain beliefs about a topic or program of interest. It is a powerful social research tool and can provide high quality and validated data from the real consumers and that too in a cost efficient manner than if individuals were interviewed separately. It also adds tractability to the research process with research having control to take the discussion in the right direction .Thus focus groups help to improve planning, implementation as well as evaluation of marketing strategies.The technique also suffers from some limitations. First, groups may be difficult to assemble or may vary considerably. As the group interaction forms the basis for focus group discussions, the information so provided can only be used at group level and not individu ally. Also, the people representing the consumers in the focus group setting might not be an exhaustive representation of the population at large. There is also the risk of moderator being less knowledgeable or biased towards a particular opinion. However, with necessary precautions focus group studies act as one of the most efficient social research tools.In-Depth Interviews (IDIs)In-depth face to face interviews use intensive one to one discussions with a small number of people. They are executed as confidential one to one conversations between researcher and participant. This method is suitable where the purpose of the study is to get exhaustive and precise answers from individuals regarding their motives and experiences which focus group studies and quantitative techniques cannot encompass. The method is also suitable where if the issue in hand is sensitive or controversial. Also, interviewing community leaders can provide a quick overview of needs and concerns of the respective communities. In the world of marketing, in-depth interviews are used usually in the initial strategies namelyto evaluate a new packaging, a new product concept, advertisement idea and so on.The in-depth interview is usually conducted in private surroundings of the participant so as to keep him comfortable in his or her natural settings. The average while of the interview ranges from 1.5 to 2 hours and is usually recorded for post interview analysis. Following are the stages in the interview process.While focus group discussion is fundamentally a group behaviour technique, in depth interviews allow researchers to study opinions and behavior of participants individually. Also, in-depth interviews provide an opportunity to probe deeper into issues and get rich data.EthnographyEthnography finds its origins in anthropology. In simple words ethnography is study of human beings in their natural environment and culture. The researcher submerges himself in the diverse and unfamiliar cultur es and makes a rapport with the local population to understand their value system. This is done through active participation in day to day rituals such as cooking, eating, quiescence and shopping and close observation of peoples attitudes, perceptions, beliefs and customs. In marketing context, ethnography helps in understanding customer point of view. While focus group discussions and surveys provide self reporting data, ethnographical studies provide observational picture of consumers engaged in their day to day lives. It therefore, answers the latent reasons (why) behind consumer behaviour in particular communities. Once the facts are revealed, the information is then translated into marketing recommendations for the clients.The basic reasoning behind ethnography is that life and decision making process are more complicated than the marketing models. Ethnography can be undertaken at any time of the day in shopping malls, theatres, restaurants, stations, bus, colleges, schools o r even on street. Now days, it can also be undertaken online by tracking down the images and posts shared by people on social media. Ethnography can be good to bring innovation in marketing strategies and foresee where a brand can expand into. For instance marketers of a well known brand of washing machines were surprised to find that their product was actually being used to make Lassi an Indian refreshing drink in state of Punjab, India. Another ethnographic study in Europe revealed that consumers use mobile to check their bank balance as a habit and not just in emergencies. This provided monetary companies important stimuli to restructure their mobile banking marketing mechanism.Qualitative over Quantitative Market ResearchQuantitative market research is the mathematical part of the market research. It uses statistical models and theories to indicate results. They conduct research with the help of structured questionnaires and surveys and use a standardized set of questions for e ach individual. This facilitates accuracy and comparability in data sets.Qualitative research on the other hand aims at identifying factors that cannot be quantified such as culture , socio economic norms , role of gender , psychological barriers etc. it thus tries to fill the gaps left by quantitative market research.In short, while quantitative market research quantifies variations in data that determine wide-ranging consumer actions, qualitative research seeks to identify reasons behind such factors.When companies undertake qualitative market research, they usually expect a number of substantive advantages. Following are some advantages of qualitative market research over quantitative market researchThey help in understanding the reasons (why and how) behind a certain behavioural action.Studies intangible factors that are responsible for changes in consumer behaviour thus providing a holistic view. For e.g. psychological factors such as perceptions, motivation and learning can on ly be understood using qualitative market research.They stimulate new dynamic thinking amongst participants and helps in evoking emotions and unadulterated latent reactions from the participants for better insights.It adds flexibility to the research process. There are no structured yes and no questions. Participants are encouraged to provide their opinions and understanding.Studies like ethnography are done in the natural environment of consumers, thus, providing a realistic picture and first hand information on issues concerned.The information from in-depth interviews is very rich and detailed.Thus, qualitative market research provides marketers with insights into drivers of consumer behaviour, purchasing habits and other opportunities for innovative product development and sustained competitive advantage. We can safely say that qualitative market research is surely here to stay and as the competition sores, is going to gain more importance. This is why there is an unprecedented r ise in qualitative market research agencies. Also, many global companies like Unilever, PG, and ITC have already brought on board anthropologists in their marketing department. With growing innovation in the field, numerous other examples of qualitative research techniques available for practice in future are online focus groups, bulletin boards and so on.With the insights so gained using qualitative market research methodologies, marketers become well versed with the consumer behaviour patterns. The importance of understanding such consumer behaviour by marketers is that it enables them to gain knowledge about needs and attitudes of their target market. Infact, almost all the marketing decisions taken by the caution are based on the knowledge and predictions about consumer behaviour. Conducting market research is a complicated and technical process. However, understanding it is critical for marketers in particular and business at large. It enables them to design efficient marketin g strategies for particular market segment and it is more likely that the message developed for the target market will be delivered in a desired manner to the correct audience. For instance, by finding out that consumers are more receptive to food advertising when they are hungry, companies can schedule there advertisements in late afternoons. It thus helps to provide better product satisfaction, improve brand image and create competitive edge in the market.Hence, qualitative market research answers the threats posed by the uncertainties of consumer behaviour. It therefore provides solution to one of the biggest challenge of marketing in particular and of business management at large.

Replacing Fossil Fuels | Dissertation

Replacing Fossil Fuels DissertationAbstractThis look into provides guidance as to the most successful style of renewable cleverness in replacing the current dominant dodo fuels in the future. This success is based on a number of key variables, not to the lowest degree the implications of equal, management and longevity that atomic number 18 intertwined with moderniseing, installing and running a renewable zero source. The case-study foc affaird on the quadruple principal(prenominal) fictitious characters of renewable brawniness, solar causality, finish up force-out, bio hand might and geo thermal zip fastener and came to nigh interesting conclusions.A mixture of qualitative and quantitative research was used, with the majority of the findings coming from the qualitative research. However, the quantitative research was in the exercise of two case studies risquelighting the effectiveness of two types of renewable strength in real household situations and how th e cleverness basis deputize that of traditional fossil fuels.The findings show that while no hotshot particular renewable get-up-and-go type gained a majority backing from the research, knowledge near these types of efficiency is still perhaps too limited for any person to make a correct and in boded choice as to the development of renewable muscularity. The qualitative research demod that in that location ar umteen strengths and weaknesses to each type of energy, while the quantitative research striveed that in certain situations renewable can be very effective. Another key finding of the writings was that general knowledge and understanding of renewable energy is not at an acceptable level in preconditions of the general public and leads to the recommendation of developmentd awareness.Aims and ObjectivesThis section is designed to provide a detailed oerview of the research aims and objectives of the present dissertation and the research questions that the study al low try to answer in as comprehensive a manner as affirmable within time and resource constraints. look for AimThe aim of this study is to pretend the possible options for renewable energy available in the united terra firma for future use. This will be conducted finished a comparative digest of the four main types of renewable energy currently available, solar energy, scent, biomass and geothermal energy. The main aim of the research is too determine successful alternatives to the non-renewable energies in the fall in KingdomIn order to achieve this, a number of objectives will take on to be met. The aim of the research is to be able to conclude with clarity, the most attractive option or options available to the join Kingdom and its government in ground of renewable energy, for the current twenty-four hours and muchover, into the future. The uncertain prospect of the traditional non-renewable energies, coal, oil and natural gas, have meant that renewable energies hav e had to be au thereforetic with the aim that in the future, these newer, more than environmentally companionable options will gradually take over the burden of energy supply in the United Kingdom.Research ObjectivesBased on the research aim outline in the previous subsection, the research objectives that the present study will seek to achieve are as listed belowo To undertake an investigation into the four main sources of renewable energy these take on Solar Energy, Wind, Biomass and Geothermal energy.o To gain an understanding of the history and development of these energies is needed to fully understand the outcome to which the United Kingdom can rely on them in the future.o An analysis of the benefits and disadvantages of each particular type of renewable energyo To seek how hearty the government is backing renewable energy with incentiveso To examine the financial implications to gain an insight to how much renewable energy will comprise in installation, what generat es are available?o To examine design implications installation of renewable sources, aesthetic, dimensional requirements.Research QuestionsThere are particular research questions that will need to be addressed when crusadeing to analyse possible future energy alternatives. These include* How significant is the extent of address when attempting to replace non-renewable energies with the more environmentally brotherly types?* How far does the government wish to develop all four types of energy? Do they have a particular idea as the market helping that each one should ideally hold on providing energy to the United Kingdom?* What can history tell the research about the likelihood that these renewable energy methods will succeed over a longer period?* Can (and will) these renewable energies ever fully replace the non-renewable energies that the United Kingdom (and globally) has relied to a great extent and dependently upon since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?The resear ch will attempt to address these questions and objectives whilst trying to meet the aim of the entire project identifying successful long term strategies to replace d odouriseling non-renewable energy sources with abundant renewable sources while still enabling the United Kingdom to grow and hold its position of relative role and influence on a global scale.1 IntroductionEver since the realisation that non-renewable energy sources (coal, oil and natural gas) are exactly as the verbal description suggests, and that the level of these are reducing quick due to the global appetite for energy consumption in the continuing race for agent, influence and development, it has been apparent that renewable energy sources would have to be developed to change this global growth to continue. The United Kingdom, whilst overtaken in new years by countries much(prenominal) as the United States and China in terms of energy consumption, has had a history intertwined with this notion. The Indust rial Revolution, beginning in the United Kingdom in the 18th Century, acted as a catalyst for the rapid consumption of a large proportion of the worlds traditional, non-renewable energy sources. This has led to the necessity of developing renewable energy forms to paraphernalia these more traditional energy types, with the aim to take over the burden of energy supply in the future.Brown (cited in Miller Spoolman, 2008211) states that in terms of history, the 19th Century belonged to coal and the 20th Century to oil. However, the 21st Century will belong to the sun, the wind and energy from within the earth. This belief is widely held for a number of reasons and highlights the importance that the development of renewable energy sources has on the current agenda of policy makers and governments on a global scale. However, this will prove to be a difficult challenge. As Sawin (2004) stresses, over the previous decade, the World Bank funding for fossil fuel projects (totalling $26.5 b illion) far exceeded that for renewable energy (Sawin, 200413). It is this type of blockage that can make the development and mainstreaming of renewable energy difficult to implement and is why it is so crucial to research this retail store, highlight the financial addresss of renewable energy as a long term successor to the fossil fuels and incr simplicity public knowledge of renewable energies and their benefits. The renewable energy options are peradventure limited to four main types. Whilst many various options have been and are being developed by researchers and scientists, only(prenominal) four are currently at a stage where they could develop enough energy to be able to supplement and then eventually succeed non-renewable energy. These are highlighted as solar energy, wind exponent, biomass and geothermal energy (Tiwari Ghosal, 200517). These four types of energy will therefore form the focus of the research with each particular strand of energy being investigated to e stablish whether it is feasible that any one (or perhaps a combination) of these energies can ever be relied upon to replace fossil fuels. This is the long term aim of renewable energy, whilst at the current time, they are still on the periphery in terms of usage when compared to non-renewable energy forms.The research will identify strengths and weaknesses of each of the four types of energy, in particular focusing on peoples opinions and other variables such as cost, performance and design issues that may gain or lose living depending on the results. The research will be conducted through two different approaches. Firstly, there will be a qualitative analysis of the lit available on each of the four main sources of renewable energy. This coupled with official government information detailing about each type of energy will form the majority of the research. In this manner, the proposed research will be qualitative based. However, the success of the mixed method approach to resear ch, as championed by Maxwell (2005183), highlights that the research should include quantitative data research as well. This will be conducted through two case studies, analysing the personal effects of two of the renewable energy sources on a small scale. These will be focused around particular individuals attempts to use a form of renewable energy to replace more traditional fossil fuel energy in their home. The quantitative data achieved by these two samples will provide evidence as the success of the renewable energy type in replacing more established non-renewable energy in an every mean solar day life situation. This will enable the research to identify key areas that surround the pass over renewable energy sources and the suitability of each of the four main types in their possible future role as the majority providers of energy to the United Kingdom.1.1 Solar EnergySolar energy is perhaps the most prominent of all the renewable energy sources currently available. Solar ener gy has existed in many forms for thousands of years (Craddock, 200828). He stresses that early users of solar energy include the Romans who used the suns rays to stir up their rooms and designed south facing windows to make use of the heat provided by the sun. In the modern era, technology has developed rapidly and solar energy is now seen as much technical and efficient than ever before. The literature check up on will analyse solar energy and emphasise the strengths and weaknesses of the energy as a possible candidate for large scale usage on a national level.As gauge 1 highlights, when the suns rays shine upon a solar panel, the effect converts the light energy to electrical energy. In this instance, the power from the solar panel is directly proportional to the sum of light shining on it, so if the light from the sun is one-third times as bright on a particular day than the previous day, then you will receive three times the power. (Stubbs, 20084) The development of solar energy has occurred due to the understanding that our current elbow room of life cannot continue if we remain economically dependent on fossil fuels. A champion of solar energy, Scheer (2004) supports the theory that it is self-asserting that we make comprehensive use of solar energy, not just to augment fossil fuels but to replace them before they either run out or critically damage the world through pollution and dangerous emission levels (Scheer, 20044). There are two main formats that solar energy takes. These are supine and active formats (Craddock, 2008). A passive solar energy system uses the sunrays directly to heat irrigate or gas. The active system converts the suns energy into electrical energy by using a photovoltaic semiconductor material called solar cell (El-Sharkawi, 200589). The researcher as well provides evidence that solar power can be relatively low in terms of its efficiency stating that the electrical power output of the solar panel, arrived at by multipl ying the solar power input by the efficiency of the panel (Figure 2), can often produce a low amount of energy.The energy produced in the equation above is only high enough to power two light bulbs. This can be countered by increasing the size of the panel and the efficiency of the panel. These two changes will increase the output (El-Sharkawi, 200589). Developments made recently should, according to Jones (200348), allow solar cells to operate more efficiently. The recent innovation of solar concentrators is used in solar thermal technology to generate heat to power turbines. With solar concentration technology, mirrors or lenses focus light onto specifically designed cells. The older versions of solar cells have unfaltering absorbing layers that require clear skies and direct sunlight to produce energy. However, new solar concentrators follow the suns path through the sky during the day allowing a better chance at finding direct sunlight. This highlights that solar power is incre asing in efficiency and from a relatively un-technical beginning, solar power is now a real possibility at providing alternative power to fossil fuels in the future.1.2 WindWind power is perhaps the most smasher of all of the recent developments in renewable energy. The wind turbines that adorn high peaks across the country are constant reminders of the attempts by the government and industry to develop renewable energy. Wind power is generated through the utilisation of large scale convective currents that carry heat from lower latitudes to more northern destinations. These create rivers of air that are used by newly developed wind turbines to generate power. (Figure 3)Winds are strongest at high peaks and specifically more normal and at their strongest along the shores of lakes, seas and oceans, confining the placement of wind turbines to coastal regions in many parts of the world (Gipe, 200424) As Figure 4 highlights, the power of wind can be change magnitude to almost two hu ndred percent of its normal make haste as it reaches the crest of a peak, thus ensuring the positioning of the wind turbines. These have led to many criticisms of the aesthetics of the turbines, given that they are large and seen as imposing by some onlookers. The wind turbines can produce a large volume of energy but are dependent on nature and days of unusually low wind speed can reduce the effectiveness of the turbines signally.When the wind speed is above the level needed to produce the maximum efficiency, no power losses are achieved in the system. It is only when the wind speed drops below the needful level that the efficiency of the wind turbine drops (Hau, 2006489). There are a number of strengths and weaknesses of wind power and these will be assessed in the literature review. However, the UK has increased its piece of ground of the wind turbine market recently (at an average rate of 35% per annum) in its attempts to increase the percentage of which all electrical energ y generated will come from renewable sources by 2020 (This has been set at 20% Government White Paper, 2003).There are various types of wind turbines, in different shapes and sizes, developed to harness the wind power at a particular geographical location. The main two versions of the modern wind turbine are based around the axis. The two different types are the flat axis and the vertical axis. The horizontal axis (Figure 5 above) is the most commonly seen in the United Kingdom and is popular due to the high efficiency place. The high the tall tower base, the higher the wind speed and the more output that can be created. This is why the horizontal axis is the most popular.However, this is as well as one of the disadvantages with complaints arising about the sight of these wind turbines on the horizon from many locals when they are installed. Vertical axis wind turbines (Figure 6) are less common in the United Kingdom. These vertical axis turbines are less common due to the fact that they are generally less efficient, because of the nature of its rotation and the stress on the blades. This leads to frequent replacements and therefore a higher cost. They are, however, less tall than horixontal axis wind turbines and therefore less of a distraction on the horizon for those that are raise by the horizontal axis types.1.3 BiomassBiomass energy is defined as any solid, liquid or gaseous fuel source derived from recently dead biological material. This is opposed to fossil fuels that come from long dead biological material. Biomass constitutes the largest non-hydroelectric renewable source of primary energy in the United States and its presence is growing rapidly in the United Kingdom (Turner Doty, 2009443). This is highlighted by Chiras (200621) who stresses that many countries are now turning to biomass as an alternative fuel source due to its relative ease in creating energy and the low cost involved.Biomass includes a wide assortment of solid fuels, such as wood, and liquid fuels such as ethanol derived from feed and biodiesel, a liquid fuel made from vegetable oils. The wide variety of forms that biomass can take can be found in figure 7. Biomass is remarkably popular as an energy source, as stated previously due to the low cost and relative ease at obtaining the materials needed for conversion.The three main conversion types are anaerobic digestion, fermentation to alcohol and the thermal process which produces a range of fuels and by-products including methane, methanol and ethanol that can produce heat, power and light, as well as fertilizers and fibres that can be used to produce food, textiles and plastics. (Figure 8)This range of products and power that it can produce make it very flexible and attractive to those who support the development of renewable energy. However, one key advocate of biomass energy states that currently most use of biomass energy is not clean or sustainable. The pollution caused by burning wood, manure a nd agricultural waste is causing severe health problems. It is also true that some energy crops have a bigger energy and environmental cost than they return. Thomas (200744) indicates that if biomass is to be a vital part of the future energy mix then there needs to be methods developed to process and use it in sustainable way over a long period of time.Biomass energy has accounted for over thirty percent of the United Kingdom electricity generation from various renewable energy types over the past five years. This amount is only second to that of hydro power (Institute of Physics Report, 2010). Although the total amount generated by renewable energy is still relatively small compared to that of traditional fossil fuels, it highlights that if biomass can be developed on a larger more industrial scale, and if more environmentally hail-fellow-well-met processes can be created, then the usage of biomass technology may increase dramatically in the near future. allow within the United Kingdom exists for the development of the biomass energy industry. A recent report (European Wind Energy Association, 2009524) highlights that the United Kingdom government has developed grant schemes (funds reserved from the New Opportunities Fund) for investments in energy crops and biomass power generation of at least 33 million over three years. This will hopefully enable the biomass industry to develop cleaner, more sustainable methods of creating biomass energy that can be used on a much larger scale.1.4 GeothermalGeothermal energy is identified as power extracted from heat stored in the earth. It has a long history of use, from simple ways such as bathing to the modern use that of generating electricity. In recent years, geothermal power has developed but still only supplies around 0.5% of the global electricity. Geothermal power is identified as cost effective, reliable, sustainable and environmentally friendly. However there are setbacks in the development of the energy. Th e main negative aspect of geothermal energy is that it is has been historically limited to regions that are close to or on tectonic plate boundaries (Craddock, 1998) Geothermal power works through a relatively simple process, exploiting the heat of the earth and transforming it into electricity. Figure 9 highlights how this process occurs. Capehart (2007) underlines the abundance of geothermal power and states that the resource base for the power can be drawn from shallow ground to hot water and rock several miles below the Earths surface to even further down, to molten rock known as magma (Capehart, 2007377).There are three types of geothermal power plants operating in the world today. These are dry steam clean plants, flash steam plants and binary cycle plants. Dry steam plants directly use geothermal steam to turn turbines. Flash steam plants pull deep, high pressure hot water into lower pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive the turbines.Binary cycle plants pass moderately hot geothermal water by a secondary fluid to flash to vapour and then this vapour then drives the turbines (Capehart, 2007337). Geothermal energy is seen as very reliable in that it has an average system availability of 90-95%. This is far higher than other sources of renewable energy. There is however a negative aspect in the aesthetics of the geothermal power plants, with many scholars highlighting the unattractive nature of the plants (figure 10) as well as negative public opinion on this matter (Saunders, 2007).The benefits of geothermal power have been harnessed by countries such as Iceland and the United States for a number of years but only now is the United Kingdom beginning to realise the potential of this renewable energy process. An article by Morris (2009) notes that with the recent development of planning for the United Kingdoms first geothermal energy plant, the most suited region may be that of Cornwall due to the granite determined there lending its elf to the process. Morris (2009) emphasises that those behind the Eden scheme believe that Cornwall could provide as much as 10% of the United Kingdoms electricity for the next one hundred years from geothermal plants. He also identifies other granite basements in the north of England and the north-east of Scotland.Geothermal power is therefore a currently underdeveloped source of renewable energy in the United Kingdom but has the potential to become a reliable and environmentally friendly source of power over the next few decades. The development of technology should also help to strengthen the support behind geothermal energy, given that at any location on earth, deep down in the core there is the potential energy for geothermal power. If developments can be made the energy to be harnessed away from tectonic plate boundaries, then the power of geothermal energy could perhaps become unrivalled when compared to other renewable energy sources. The literature review will continue thi s debate as to the strengths and weaknesses of each particular renewable energy resource.2 Literature ReviewThis literature review will provide part of the secondary research into the research question posed at the beginning of the work. The aim to identify successful alternative renewable energy sources to replace that of non-renewable energy sources (fossil fuels) that currently are in demand today. Morgan (20079) stresses that while fossil fuels bring enormous benefits to the world, in term of the production of mass energy that has allowed global industry and technology, as well as levels of living to rise rapidly in the last one hundred and fifty years, there a number of negative aspects to non-renewable energy sources. The limited nature of the resources is one, but also the affects that the use of coal, oil and natural gas has on the environment is also a key factor in the need to develop renewable energy sources that are environmentally friendly.Therefore this literature revi ew will attempt to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the four main renewable energy types solar, wind, biomass and geothermal and highlight a possible successful candidate or candidates that could take over in producing the large majority of global energy. In this manner, the four main types will need to be analysed in a number of key areas cost, effectiveness, affect to the environment and aesthetics.CostA good overview is provided by Freris Infield (2008). They highlight that after the United Kingdom government set the target of achieving 20% renewable energy in electricity supply by the year 2020, it became possible to analyse a cost for the proposed energy developments. An analysis completed in 2003 suggested that the extra cost for the development of renewable energy processes would represent an additional 0.3p/kWh on consumer electricity bills. This was focused primarily on wind power, as wind power is pass judgment to contribute the majority of the renewable energy t arget (Freris Infield, 2008215). Other scholars also support the view that wind power is the most big-ticket(prenominal) of the renewable energy processes. Ackermann (2005300) acknowledges that the use of wind energy in outback(a) areas is an exceedingly expensive option when trying to harness power from the earth, rather than using non-renewable energy sources.Quaak, Knoef and Stassen (1999) indicate their preferred method, through cost analysis, is that of Biomass. They state that the initial start up costs are less expensive than wind, solar and geothermal energy plants and also the longevity of the plants as compared to that of wind turbines (that need parts replacing on a regular basis) is a key factor in the cost analysis and that biomass is by far the cheapest of the renewable energy sources currently available (Quaark, Knoef Stassen, 19991).However, although Walker (2007) identifies that biomass is currently the cheapest form of energy, the scholar also states that solar power could become, over time, the cheapest form of energy. While solar panels are expensive, this is only because of the low number of them. Walker (20077) notes that solar cells would become dramatically less expensive if more people bought them, allowing the solar cell companies to reduce prices due to a healthy competition. The simple nature of solar power, combined with a drop in prices could aid the overall cost of the energy source, allowing it to become cheap and competitive with other renewable energy sources. Sass Duffield support the view of the cheap costs of geothermal energy as opposed to wind, biomass and solar energies. They state that geothermal energy, despite high initial installation and start-up costs, can dramatically lower monthly energy bills and therefore in the long term, or within a few years, the cumulative energy savings equal the extra up-front costs and can become less expensive than other forms of energy. An interesting viewpoint is provided by Orr (200923) who indicates that at the current time, none of the existing renewable energies are cost effective and it is why governments across the macrocosm are having to provide grants to develop them. The competitive nature of global society means that only cost effective and profit generating products succeed. Therefore, designers of renewable energy processes need to find ways to lower the costs of purchase for these energies in an attempt to rival cheaper and more established fossil fuel production. It is only in this way that renewable energies can hope to develop rapidly to the benefit of the Earth.Effectiveness and reliabilityThe effectiveness and reliability of an energy source is the most fundamental issue that surrounds its development. An energy that has low levels of effectiveness and low reliability rates will usually never be mass developed, due to the restrictive nature and high costs to gain a substantial yield. Wind power is suggested to have a relatively high effec tiveness rating by Spilsbury Spilsbury (2007). However, other scholars stress that wind power is the least effective of all of the different renewable energies due to the loss of potential power through its design (Petersen, 1999). Other energies such as geothermal, with a 95% availability (Bracaloni et al, 1995) have a far higher efficiency rating. Quaark, Knoef Stassen (199952) also highlight the relative low efficiency rating of biomass energy, stating that conditions at times only allow a 25-35% efficiency rating. Lomborg (2001134) stresses that the efficiency of solar cells is also around the 20% mark, indicating that geothermal energy is far more efficient that other forms of renewable energy.Environmental effectsOne of the key weaknesses of the fossil fuels and their use in energy production today is the negative effects that they have on the environment. The creation of carbon dioxide from the processes needed to create energy from coal, oil and natural gas has acted as a catalyst in let down climate conditions across the globe. Therefore, one of the main aims for new renewable energy sources is to promote an environmentally friendly strategy. Lomborg (2001) identifies that one of the renewable energy sources being discussed lacks this strategy. Lomborg stresses that biomass energy production gives rise to a slew of pollution problems such as suspended particles, sulphur, nickel, cadmium and lead. This is supported by the Council of Europe (no date) who indicate that the weakness of biomass energy is that it produces relatively large amounts of fine particles and often also other air pollution like polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals.Compared to this, the Council stress that wind energy only causes some carbon dioxide and fine particle emissions in the construction phase, whereas solar energy appears to be the most environmentally friendly of the renewable energies. Chiras (2009) identifies this and supports the notion that solar power is per haps the most environmentally friendly of all of the renewable energies. The construction phase causes less emissions than any other renewable source and the fact that industrial plants (such as that used for biomass and geothermal energy) are not required for solar power means that like wind power, once constructed there is no defame to the environment, with the solar panels soaking up the heat of the sun and transferring this into energy.AestheticsThe aesthetics of renewable energy is a key factor in gaining support for possible renewable energy sources. Gipe (2004) stresses that wind power often comes under a lot of scrutiny due to the developments of horizontal axis wind turbines that dominant certain landscapes. Gipe indicates that communities are generally against these being developed because of the ugly aesthetical factor. However, he also notes that due to the nature of wind turbines and wind energy, these locations are generally remote and therefore do not affect the majo rity of people. There is also the development of wind turbines at sea, which could possibly aid the reduction of resentment towards wind turbines. Moreover, Scheer (2007200) underlines that the rejection of wind power on grounds of aesthetic landscape pollution is treacherous and short-sighted and cites key examples of previous architecture such as skyscrapers as precedents. He also argues that the benefits of wind power far outweigh any argument on aesthetics and therefore feels it is a pointless debate. Chandrasekharam and Bundschuh (2002) feel that there is a similar argument for geothermal and biomass energy plants. The aesthetic factor may often be overriding but the success of creating environmentally friendly (geothermal in particular), renewable energy should outweigh any decision as to the aesthetical impact of these new sources of energy.SummaryA number of key concepts were analysed in this literature review. The review suggests that opinions over renewable energy sources and their potential success rates are divided. While there appears to be agreement in the literature over the importance of developing renewable energy sources due to the fact that fossil fuel supplies are decreasing dramatically and that they have an adverse effect on the environment, there is real debate as to the preferred methods of renewable energy. Perhaps the most important contributing factor may come down to cost, and the literature review suggested that the current cost for all renewable energy forms are too high and

Holiday On Mackinaw Island :: essays research papers

Audience Vacation Takers, Recommended for Over 20 Years OldAlthough mackinaw Island is very lilliputian, it is very beautiful and has lots of exciting activities, such as bicycling, horseback riding, buggy riding, and fudge shopping. Mackinaw Island is located in the upper leave-taking of Michigan between Lake Huron, Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. It makes a perfect place for a quick getaway. The tourist season runs from mid-May to mid-October. The Island, being only 8.2 miles around, looks like a small old-fashioned town. Mackinaw Island is usually packed with people making the main road look narrow. Often fifty oscillations or more are put on both sides of the road every 300 feet. People are walking in every direction. Horses walk on the right side of the roadway and horse buggies wait to pick up passengers. The place looks very congested and it doesnt look like an enjoyable vacation spot but a microscopic farther away from the downtown area peace and beauty exists.Mackina w Island has beautiful scenery. One unique place, the Arch Rock, looks very neat. It towers above the tourists. The rock has a commodious round hole carved in it making it resemble like a donut hole. It is about fifteen to twenty feet in diameter. Through the hole, tourists fuel only see the bicycle path and Lake View. The lake has clear blue water. One of the other attractive places it has is the butterfly house. Hundreds of butterflies fly around the house. When they get tired, they sit on one of the wire fences. They are in every size and color. Some of them look like ladybugs and others look like zebras with black and white stripes.Mackinaw Island has lots of activities to do from riding bicycles to horse carriage tours. Motorized vehicles are not allowed on the Island. One of the exciting activities the Island has is the bicycle riding, which is different from other bicycle rides because it is around the shoreline. The bicycle path is seven miles around the shoreline road. Th e path is very peaceful, unlike the Islands downtown area. Signs on brown boards on the left side of the road describe the future(a) upcoming scenery. Wherever there is scenery to view there is a special parking place for the bicycles. When tourists get tired while riding bicycles they mass just pull over on the side and sit along the lake and enjoy the sun and the Lake View.

The Pentangle Essay -- Literary Analysis, Gawain, The Green Knight

In the anonymous poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the character of Sir Gawain is portrayed as the imperfect hero. His flaws create interest and intrigue. Such qualities of imperfection cannot be found in the symbol of the pentangle, which he displays on his shield. This contrast surrounded by character and symbol is exposed a number of times throughout the poem altogetherowing human qualities to emerge from Gawains knightly portrayal. The expectations the pentangle presents proves too much for Gawain as he falls victim to black magic, strays from God, is seduced by an adulterous woman, and last breaks the chivalric code by lying to the Green Knight.The pentangle, also called the endless knot, (630) is a five-pointed star enclosed in a synchronous converter, worn as an amulet to avert evil from or bring fortune to the wearer (Talisman, OED). Writer Eliphas Levi says that when the pentangle is pointing up it represents ghostlike dominance over the material. Presented th e other way, the physical world rules over the spiritual -often associated with dark magic (Pentagram, Wikipedia). This parallel foreshadows the trickery played on Sir Gawain by the Green Knight. The Green Knight challenges Gawain to a Christmas game (283) in an attempt to degrade Gawain, tempting him with worldly pleasures and proving that even the greatest of knights are not perfect. Upon finding the Green Chapel, Gawain suggests that Here might / The devil himself be seen / at black midnight (2186-8). compare the Green Knight to the devil proves accurate because at the end of the play, the Green Knight confesses that the count of your kisses and your conduct too, / And the wooing of my wifeit was all my scheme (2360-1). Describing the midnight as black (... ...ain as an imperfect hero makes him an interesting character and allows the reader to see his human qualities emerge in a moralistic story. The tension between two sides of a character trait is represented through co ntrast with the perfection of the pentangle symbol. God and material possession, fidelity and seduction, and knight and human are all parallel to the two interconnecting triangles depicted in the pentangle. It is impossible to have one without the other. The interconnectedness of our senses, our bodies, our spirituality, our love and emotions, and our personality create a pentangle, binded by a circle life. The pentangle perhaps places too high an expectation on perfection and does not allow room for human flaws. Such flaws lead to the downfall of Sir Gawain because he was uneffective to live up to the expectations of the symbol displayed on his shield.

Global Warming Essay -- Environmental Global Climate Change

Global Warming Two issues that worry many scientists are global warming and the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a instinctive solve that keeps the earth at temperatures that are livable. What does the greenhouse effect have to do with global warming? When humans release gases into the air, the greenhouse effect go out alter the temperature of the earth. More gases in the atmosphere means the earth lead start to get warmer, and the result is global warming. On the other hand, if there was no greenhouse effect, the earth would be too cold for humans to comfortably exist.In order to talk about global warming, we must first look at what causes the greenhouse effect. The three most common greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane. Many of the sunbathes rays are absorbed by water vapor. Water vapor is a natural atmospheric gas and it accounts for 80 percent of natural greenhouse warming the remaining 20 percent is overdue to other gasses that are pr esent in very small amounts (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 488). A greenhouse gas known as carbon dioxide is the second biggest absorber of the suns heat rays. Humans affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in many ways. Every time fossil fuels are burned, more carbon dioxide is released into the air. Car exhaust emissions also increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the air, and more carbon dioxide means more heat rays being absorbed. This will cause the earths temperature to warm.Another greenhouse gas is methane. Methane absorbs infrared radiation 25 times more effectively than carbon dioxide, making it an heavy greenhouse gas despite its relatively low concentration (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490). Many studies have been performed on how methane is released into the atmosphere. Results have shown that methane is generated by biological activity link to rice cultivation, leaks in domestic and industrial gas lines, and the digestive process of domestic livestock, e specially cattle (Murck, Skinner, and Porter 490).The environmental Media Services Organization has be that the greenhouse effect could drive temperatures up as much as 6 degrees by the year 2100 an increase in heat comparable to the 10 degree warming that ended the last ice age (Fast Facts). If a 10-degree warming was the factor that ended the last ice age, imagine what a... ...bal warming process has started, it is very hard to reverse it. Global warming temperatures grow exponentially and we will have to create an answer for global warming sooner than passel think. I dont know how to start the process of burning less fossil fuels. All I know is global warming has to be stopped if we want to keep living the way we do now. If it isnt stopped, the problems discussed in this paper will only get bigger and bigger and the final stage result will ultimately be death.Works CitedCampaign to Stop Global Warming. State PIRGs (public interest research groups)Working Together. Mar. 2006. 4 Oct. 2007http//www.pirg.org/enviro/global_w/fact.html.Fast Facts. Environmental Media Services. 10 July 2006. 23 Oct. 2007http//www.ems.org/climate/sub2_climate.html.Murck, Barbara W., Brian J. Skinner, and Stephen C. Porter. Environmental Geology. New York John Wiley & Sons, 2004. 488-490.The Planet Speaks. The Wilson Quarterly 25.4 (Autumn 2006) 124.To Save Lives, Give Global Warming the Same Priority As Biological Weapons, Says WWF. WWF Global Network. 5 Nov. 1998. 27 Nov. 2006http//www.panda.org/news/press/news.cfm?id=158.