Recreation, Organization and Leadership Free Essay Example, 1000 words

b) Gelfand, J. L. (2011). How Regular Exercise Benefits Teens. WebMD. Retrieved on November 15, 2011. Retrieved from http: //teens. webmd. com/benefits-of-exercise? page=2 This article explains the correlation between physical fitness and health, and how exercise is beneficial to teenagers. It explains that physical activities improve health considerably; hence, individuals are highly encouraged to pursue physical activities. The article further discusses the issue of cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular fitness, obesity, nutrition, weight control, cancer, diabetes, and many more health issues. The article encourages the reader all over the book to ensure that they follow healthy habits. The article has also explained that exercise counters stress, improves mood and helps reduce minor ailments like colds. c) Kotz, D. (2010, June 30). 5 Mind Blowing Benefits of Exercise. US Health Hospitals. Retrieved on November 14, 2011. Retrieved from http: //health. usnews. com/health-news/diet-fitness/fitness/articles/2010/06/30/0630healthexercise This article has outlined 5 principal benefits of exercise. For one, exercise reverses the effects of exercise. Exercise also lifts depression and improves learning activities. The author has also asserted that exercise enhances one’s self esteem and ensures that people feel euphoric. As a result of these benefits, the author has advised people to take exercises serious. d) Landro, L.We will write a custom essay sample on Recreation, Organization and Leadership or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now (2010). The Hidden Benefits of Exercise. The Wall Street journal. Retrieved on November 16, 2011. Retrieved from http: //online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052748704350304574638331243027174.html. The article analyses various benefits of exercise by explaining that exercise reduces stress and controls undue weight. The article has further outlined that inactivity increases risk of disease and death. The article also explains that, the key to a healthy lifestyle for all individuals is ensuring that fitness and physical exercise are taken seriously by individuals. By so doing, the incidences of diseases will be reduced in these individuals. e) Myers, J. (2011). Exercise and Cardiovascular Health. American Heart Association. Retrieved on October19, 2011. Retrieved from http: //circ. ahajournals. org/content/107/1/e2.full. The author has outlined the correlation between exercise and cardiovascular health. Lack of inactivity according to the article makes individuals susceptible to cardiovascular conditions. Regular physical activity has been implicated in many deaths in the USA, and the author explains that regular exercise would minimize such deaths.

Classroom Observation Report Observation - 1759 Words

Tami Lesser June 4, 2017 Observation Report: I observed a girls second grade classroom in Arie Crown Hebrew Day School. The class had 28 students. There was one head teacher and one teacher’s assistant in the class. Bathrooms were located down the hall and students did not need to ask permission to use them, however, only one student could leave at a time. Students lockers were located right outside the classroom, they can leave their coats and boots there if need be. The room was quite large considering the size of the class. There were five rows of desks, that sometimes would be pushed together into groups of four, and to the side of the class was a big carpet the children could sit on. Backpacks where hung on the back of their chairs†¦show more content†¦April 5, 12:30- 3:55 The students sat back in their desks and were asked to take out their writing notebooks and folders. Children were handed out a worksheet that had two columns of prefixes and suffixes, they were asked to match the prefixes and suffixes to each other to make a complete word. The teacher and assistant teacher walked around the classroom to make sure they were doing it correctly, and offered feedback and suggestions. After that, the teacher wrote some vocabulary words on the board, and the students had to copy them down along with the sentences the teacher dictated to them. They had a conversation about the words and the teacher sounded out some words and pointed out some spelling rules. They then divided into groups of 4 and had to make up new sentences with the words. Each group then read their sentences aloud. The teacher had an excellent rapport with her students and it was evident that clear classroom rules and routines had been established from the beginning of the school year. Students sat attentively, raised their hands to answer questions, and had good turn taking skills. Next was guided reading. The teacher explained to the class the options of what they can be doing, such as reading their library book as independent reading while looking for adjectives, finishing a writing assignment she had previously assigned, or doing guided reading with the teacher. This is done in groups according to their level, inShow MoreRelatedObservation Report On Classroom Observation1883 Words   |  8 PagesData Report The following data was gathered while fulfilling duties as a principal intern at Theresa Bunker Elementary School. The data was observed during five to seven minutes of classroom observation as part of a walk-through in the spring of the current school year. My cooperating supervisor for my internship was able to go on these walk-throughs with me in order to have a productive reflection meeting afterwards. This elementary school has two of each grade level from Kindergarten to sixthRead MoreObservation Report On Classroom Observation1404 Words   |  6 PagesFor this observation, I observed in a fifth-grade elementary school classroom at Dunlap Elementary School in Yucaipa. The teacher, Mrs. Aldulaimi, of the classroom has been teaching full time for the past five years but has been substituting for twenty plus years. She has a class of about thirty so students but as of recently many of her students are moving away and changing school districts. She really seems to be passionate about teaching but may appear overly strict with the children. The physicalRead MoreReport on Classroom Observation1945 Words   |  8 PagesREPORT on CLASS OBSERVATION Introduction Internship teaching is the culminating experience of the first degree program in education. It provides the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge on pedagogies in the actual classroom setting and gain the experience. The internees are exposed to an environment where they encounter learners for the first time and face them with multitude of ideas, approaches, techniques and processes. During the internship period I got ample opportunities to demonstrateRead MoreReport on Classroom Observation1932 Words   |  8 PagesREPORT on CLASS OBSERVATION Introduction Internship teaching is the culminating experience of the first degree program in education. It provides the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge on pedagogies in the actual classroom setting and gain the experience. The internees are exposed to an environment where they encounter learners for the first time and face them with multitude of ideas, approaches, techniques and processes. During the internship period I got ample opportunities to demonstrateRead MoreObservation Report About Classroom Observation1630 Words   |  7 PagesI have visited the Cranbury Presbyterian Nursery School and have observed the classroom in great detail during my last three visits. In this preschool classroom, there are usually 8-10 students present whose ages are from 2 to 2  ½. There are also three adult staff present without including myself. This classroom consists of two rooms which are connected to each other. One room only has a large circle rug and a rectangular table. The other room adja cent to it is slightly larger and contains multipleRead MoreClassroom Observation Report944 Words   |  4 PagesGeneral Observation: As I entered into the science room, the students were being given a science â€Å"dipstick† labeled â€Å"Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems†. This â€Å"dipstick† sums up the unit that the students have been working on where they created their ecosystem posters and determined which animals belong in each ecosystem. The teacher explained to the students that she calls these â€Å"dipsticks† instead of â€Å"tests† because these documents are more focused on seeing what they took away from theRead MoreClassroom Observation Report1167 Words   |  5 Pageseighteen years of experience and she used technology consistently at home and in a classroom. She also worked in a computer related business. This particular class was an upper level reading class. They had to research information about an athlete. The first page of power point was a picture of the athlete and a portion of a report that they had found on the internet. The second page of the report consisted of using a digital camera in which the teacher took a picture of eachRead MoreEssay on Classroom Observation Report2176 Words   |  9 Pagesteacher and her students in an observation I did in a false beginner English as Second Language (ESL) class at the University of Texas. The purpose of this report is to reflect on the teacher’s teaching strategies and class environment in relation with what I have learned in my Teaching Methods class. Throughout this paper, a variety of students’ and teacher’s behavior will be discussed that will be analyzed in the reflection section. II. Before the Observation After I arranged a dayRead MoreClassroom Observation Report Essay1233 Words   |  5 PagesClassroom Observation On two different days, several observations took place in two different types of environment. I observed a teacher and her students of a second grade elementary school and a teacher and her students aged 18 months to two years old in a daycare environment. I observed the environment and interaction of the teacher and his or her studentsRead MoreEssay on Classroom Observation Report1086 Words   |  5 PagesClassroom Observation I use to believe that being a teacher was going to be eight hours of teaching and being with children. Being a teacher seemed to be the easiest career choice out there for me. After viewing the students of all ages and levels, I have changed my opinion of teaching. There is an unknown side to the world that can only be seen

Geoffrey William Bromiley Gerhard Friedrich â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Geoffrey William Bromiley Gerhard Friedrich? Answer: Introducation Apostle Mathew in his book talks in great length about the Messiah Jesus Christ the son of God. His work is the first book of the New Testament and was first written in Greek language before being translated into other languages. In Matthew 11:28, the great Apostle zeros in on core mission of Jesus Christ when he came down to the world, to save Gods people from evil and provide them with a chance to lead eternal life devoid of the tribulations on earth. The verse points out to the ability of Jesus Christ in salvaging the human kind so long as they are ready to repent and turn away from their sinful ways and follow him. It urges the Jews and by extension all the Christians to follow the Messiah so that they can find rest In the Ancient Greek, people believed it was extremely hard to reach God even though they continually tried their best to see if they will be able to reach him. This verse can be interpreted to be a message and an encouragement to Greek at that particular time that they should leave this to Jesus and follow his teachings which will eventually lead them to God the father of Jesus Christ. It says come to me all you who are weary and I will give you rest. The Greek were worried lot in the sense that they may not be able to find God. The verse speaks to their hearts to stop being worried about the possibility of not finding God and leave that to Jesus to lead them in finding God. The Apostle presented Jesus Christ as a bridge through which the troubled men will finally be able to find their God. God had stayed 400 years without revealing himself to the people in anyway before the Messiah was born and it is understandable why the Greeks were now becoming restless worried about why God had abandoned them. (Kittel, Bromiley and Friedrich 2014) The erse can also be interpreted to mean message of relieve to the Jews who were heavily burdened by rigorous rules and laws set by the Pharisees in order to be viewed as a righteous person. The Pharisees themselves did not follow these laws as they indulged in life and had it easy while the majority of the Jews people labored or struggled to follow each and every law put in place by them. At that time it was widely believed that they were other laws that God told Moses orally and so the Pharisees would came up with a myriad of complex laws and regulations and claim that they were part of what God told Moses orally. The Apostle Mathew message to the Jews came to inform them of a Messiah who can take way all those burdens and relieve them of the heavy loads of sticking to myriad of laws in pursuit of God. The verse talks Jesus Christ as the son of God who came to earth to provide a true way to God devoid of many laws and rules that Jews struggled to strictly adhere to as required by t he Pharisees. (Copeland 2012) The scripture also refers to a man heavily burdened and disturbed by his consciousness having committed transgressions that he would not have liked to commit, the man who is struggling to re-establish himself before the eyes of God but doesnt fully understand how to go about it. The Apostle in his book in Matthew 11:28 reassure this man that there is way in which he can reconnect with God again through his Son Jesus Christ, the Messiah. (Cairns 2011) The Christ is standing with his open arms welcoming his people to follow him as he leads the way to God. The heavy sinner is thus provided an opportunity by the Christ to have all his sins washed away and he remains clean and acceptable before Gods eye. The Apostle is talking to the Jews urging them the follow Jesus Christ and he will help them. The verse points out to the presence of a helper who will help sinners do away with the sins and give them peace of mind having mended there ways with God. At that time people used to connect dir ectly to God through series of actions which God used to reveal himself to the people. But he had stayed for many years without doing so people were struggling to it that they are forgiven sins that they commit, thus Mathew is teaching the Jews and by extension all the Christians about the presence of Messiah, the savior who will clean them and lead them to God, the Father. (Palmer 2015) The verse can also refers to the hearths of the troubled men in the world full of diseases, robbery, violence and general lack of peace. The earth where no one stays without his guards on and manages to survive on his own might. The mens own might is insufficient to the might of the world. The scripture therefore in Matthew 11:28 provide solace to the men, telling them there is someone who would provide that peace of hearth in wake of the earths tribulations and challenges. That all they need to do is to follow Jesus Christ and will see all these problems taken away by him. The reason behind this is that Jesus Christ the son of God is mighty before all the earths problems and challenges none of them can even provide slightest challenge to him thus he dispenses with them with ease. On the other hand the men of the earth do not have these powers against the earths forces thus it mounts a great challenge to them and more often than not it overcomes them and throws them into problems. Th e Apostle therefore in this verse reaches out to all Jews and Christians in general to stop being troubled and worried by the problems and challenges in the earth and cast all those to Jesus Christ who will not only give them rest them but also provide peace in their hearths. (Heaster 2014) The scripture is also urging the Jews to be people of good work. When they follow Jesus they should not be people of do evil for in so doing they will continue suffering and facing all the problems in the earth. It says Come to me you all who are weary This is Jesus speaking to his people through the Apostle. By saying come it means leave what you are doing and follow Jesus. The scripture directs that those of Christ must leave their earthly ways and follow the narrow and righteous path of Jesus Christ which will grant them peace. That one can not do earthly things and yet claim to be following the footsteps of the Messiah for he is righteous and pure and can not therefore be party to the earthly things. The Apostle is reinforcing the message of repentance in this particular verse in a different way by simply saying come... Men can not simply go to Jesus by walking there but by leaving their earthly behaviors and repenting their sins before him and they shall become righteous and acc eptable before the eyes of the God. This will come in exchange of peace and happy dwelling having all the tribulations taken over by Jesus Christ, the Messiah. (Stanton 2010) Apostle Matthew also in this verse encourages Gods people that there is an opportunity to work with Christ and God again. This is an opportunity that people need to take advantage of having been no communication between God and man kind for long period before Jesus Christ came to the world. It is of paramount importance that Gods people remain in communication with their creator so that they may be able to lead righteous life that is pleasing to the eyes of the lord. The scripture in this verse emphasizes this notion in different way in that God desires to see his people remain in contact with him always. That it is not pleasing to God seeing his people suffering because they have not mended their ways with him. The Apostle therefore tells the Jews to mend their ways with the God through his son Jesus Christ and they will have an opportunity to work with God once again as they would wish. He tells them the path they are pursuing is not right; God had distanced himself from them as a result of their sinful nature love of material and earthly things or possessions. Working with God will provide peace of mind with them; they shall find rest and God will once again reveal himself or manifest himself to them in various ways as desired by the Jews. None of these would therefore happen if the people are not working with God and they will continue toiling until such a time when they will truly start working with God, doing things which please God and as directed by him. (Barclay 2001) Reflecting on the above analysis or extended explanations of scripture as put by the Apostle in Matthew 11:28, we learn of God who is always stretching his hands to us, going out of his way to see to it that his people have a chance to be with him. He sees the tribulation his people go through and he is not pleased with it. He uses Matthew as a vessel to convey this message of hope to all those people who are weary and ensuring that any person has a chance to get this message and find a helper who will take away his sins and burdens and make him have rest. This is God who is willing to take up burdens that do not belong to him; he goes further and sends his own son down to earth where he doesnt have to be but because of Gods love to his people, Jesus Christ comes down so that people/sinners can be saved and also the word of God is fulfilled as written in the old testament. We can also deduce that God had seen the tribulations the Jews were going through in religiously following the l aws that were set by the Pharisees and he was not pleased with it. In the eyes of the God that was not the righteous life as he envisaged it because most of the laws that were put in place by the Pharisees were man-made without Gods anointing and guidance. References Barclay, William. 2001. The Gospel Of Matthew. Edinburgh: Saint Andrew Press. Cairns, Alan. 2011. Dictionary Of Theological Terms. Greenville, SC: Ambassador Emerald International. Cooke, Richard. 2009. New Testament. London: SCM Press. Copeland, Mark A. 2012. The Gospel Of Matthew. Ebook. 1st ed. New York.https://m.biblestudyguide.org/ebooks/copeland/matt_so.pdf. Eden, Hilaire. 2011. Apostle Matthew. Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press. Heaster, Dancun. 2014. "Verse By Verse Commentary On Gospel Of Matthew". Christadelphian, no. 1. https://heaster.org/Matthew.pdf. Kittel, Gerhard, Geoffrey William Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich. 2014. Theological Dictionary Of The New Testament. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. Marksman, Hilaire. 2008. Bible Exposition. 2nd ed. Alabama: Books for Libraries Press. Palmer, David Robert. 2015. "The Gospel Of MATTHEW". Bible Translation, no. 2: 1-37. https://bibletranslation.ws/trans/matt.pdf. Stanton, Graham. 2010. A Gospel For A New People. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster/John Knox Press.

John Smith and William Bradford free essay sample

There are many comparisons and contrasts to be made between the two. You can elict from their writing styles that in both writers’ works, their purpose is to inform and persuade. Both of their stories began the same, entering the New World as callow foreigners trying to start a colony while fighting off starvation, disease, and Native American (or †savages† as John Smith calls them) attacks. However, John Smith’s target audience was current English settlers, trying to persuade them to come and join him in the New World. While, William Bradford’s audience was the future generation, making sure that they don’t make the same mistakes that he did in his voyage. William Bradford wrote a diary about his actual experiences in Colonial America from the ships to his first steps on land, writing a diary discussing the hardships he faced on his voyage. Bradford said, But that which was most sad and lamentable was, that in two or three months time half of their company died†¦ explaining how everyone who boarded the ship did not make it off due to disease, hunger, and natural disasters. We will write a custom essay sample on John Smith and William Bradford or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When he finally reaches land, he emphasizes how religious his company is when he states,† They fell upon their knees and blessed the God of heaven, who had brought them over the vast and furious ocean, and delivered them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  although instead of rejoicing with them Bradford stands in awe and looks at the condition his people are in as they spew religious drivel from their lips, not yet realizing the state they are in. He even compares them to the Ancient Hebrews, who wandered in the desert after fleeing Egypt before reaching the Promised Land. While reading you get the impression that William and his companions expected more when they arrived when he says, â€Å"They had no friends to welcome them, nor inns to entertain or refresh their weather beaten bodies, no houses or much less towns†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On his first encounter with the Native Americans, Bradford views them as almost interlopers on his land but he holds a certain respect for the Indians and is eventually able to communicate with them and help them out with whatever they need as he saw they were willing to do the same for him and the Pilgrims when they noticed the Pilgrims not interested in hurting them or stealing what they had. Unlike William Bradford, John Smith was a famous explorer known for finding and discovering what came to be Jamestown, Virginia. One major difference in their struggles in the New World was that John Smith and his men were attacked by Indians while on an expedition on the Chickahominy River and Captain John Smith was taken prisoner. Although he was a great leader in helping ammeliorate his country’s colony, â€Å"who, by his own example, good words, and fair promises, set some to mow, others to bind thatch, some to build houses† This can be misread as him being bossy and dictator like but then it goes on to say how he â€Å"himself always bearing the greatest task for his own share† showing that he would never ask more of another than what he could do himself. An admirable quality in a leader. John Smith, as I stated before, was captured and taken prisoner by the Indians implying that he never really knew how to handle situations with them. This is further explained when he proceeds to call them â€Å"savages† or â€Å"barbarians† in the story. When he is captured, instead of freaking out he carries himself with great aplomb throughout the whole experience with the Indians he cleverly evades every life threatening situation. It is very clear that he was well loved in his home country as â€Å"When the news came to Jamestown, much was their sorrow for his loss†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this Is mostly due to the fact that he was sent to the New World voluntarily unlike Bradford who had to leave due to religious persecution. However, in both stories both men overcome their obstacles and with the help of the Native Americans proceed to grow and make names for themselves as they recount their experiences to encourage and inform anyone who wants to try and come to the New World in hopes of making a life for themselves.

Free Essays on Feminist Art - An Introductory Overview

Feminist Art The woman’s art movement/Feminist Art Time Frame = Began late1960’s - 1970’s. Continues to this day. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE MOVEMENT * Social and political protests of the late 1960’s - focussed American society on particular issues. * Vietnam War * Arab oil embargo * Watergate * Erosion/pollution of environment. Environmental groups being established * The sexual revolution * Availability of contraception especially the Pill. * Black civil rights * Gay liberation All these things made people question their values, their value systems and the way in which society operated. Since World War II people were questioning their values. IMPORTANT BOOKS INFLUENCING FEMINIST THOUGHT: The Second Sex The Feminine Mystique - Betty Freedom The Female Eunuch - Germaine Greer The Golden Notebook - Doris Lessing Sexual Politics - Kate Millich MAIN IDEAS The main idea is the personal is political. Traditional histories have ignored women in all aspects. Also that women are portrayed in art from a male point of view. The feminists wanted to acknowledge women of the past that had not been recognised in their time - rediscovered and revamped. Publishing information about these women. For example Marie Curie, a scientist who discovered radium. Challenging the patriarchy - Male dominance and Low Art and high Art. The Feminists challenged the male gaze - females in art are submissive and what men want to see them as. The idea of universal sisterhood - the female experience is unique. The next generation of feminists took a different approach. They used post modernists ideas - pluralism - multiple ideas being right. They looked at the high differences between women and men and issues of race, age and sex. Theories about language - understanding language. Later feminists looked at gender studies. TIMELINE OF EVENTS 1920 - American women got the vot... Free Essays on Feminist Art - An Introductory Overview Free Essays on Feminist Art - An Introductory Overview Feminist Art The woman’s art movement/Feminist Art Time Frame = Began late1960’s - 1970’s. Continues to this day. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE MOVEMENT * Social and political protests of the late 1960’s - focussed American society on particular issues. * Vietnam War * Arab oil embargo * Watergate * Erosion/pollution of environment. Environmental groups being established * The sexual revolution * Availability of contraception especially the Pill. * Black civil rights * Gay liberation All these things made people question their values, their value systems and the way in which society operated. Since World War II people were questioning their values. IMPORTANT BOOKS INFLUENCING FEMINIST THOUGHT: The Second Sex The Feminine Mystique - Betty Freedom The Female Eunuch - Germaine Greer The Golden Notebook - Doris Lessing Sexual Politics - Kate Millich MAIN IDEAS The main idea is the personal is political. Traditional histories have ignored women in all aspects. Also that women are portrayed in art from a male point of view. The feminists wanted to acknowledge women of the past that had not been recognised in their time - rediscovered and revamped. Publishing information about these women. For example Marie Curie, a scientist who discovered radium. Challenging the patriarchy - Male dominance and Low Art and high Art. The Feminists challenged the male gaze - females in art are submissive and what men want to see them as. The idea of universal sisterhood - the female experience is unique. The next generation of feminists took a different approach. They used post modernists ideas - pluralism - multiple ideas being right. They looked at the high differences between women and men and issues of race, age and sex. Theories about language - understanding language. Later feminists looked at gender studies. TIMELINE OF EVENTS 1920 - American women got the vot...

Trademarked Words

Trademarked Words Trademarked Words Trademarked Words By Maeve Maddox In a recent post, Dont Do Due Diligence, I used the word Realtor as if it were a generic word for real estate agent: Not so very long ago, the only people I heard talk about â€Å"due diligence† were realtors. I should have caught myself on that. Realtor–with a capital–is the legally recognized trademark of the National Association of Realtors. The correct use of the word is to refer to members of the Association and not to real estate agents in general. As tends to happen with clever commercial coinages, Realtor is being pulled toward generic use because it strikes speakers as an apt and concise substitute for the longer term, real estate agent. I have a feeling that general usage will eventually claim Realtor as it has so many similar inventions, but as a professional writer, I can be expected to observe the conventions. Apologies for my lapse, therefore, are due the NAR. Here is a list of other trademarked words that many English speakers use generically. Each term is followed by a suggested alternative and the name of the trademarks owner. The list is by no means exhaustive. AstroTurf (artificial turf) Monsanto Band-Aid (adhesive bandage) Johnson Johnson Bubble Wrap (inflated cushioning for packaging) Sealed Air ChapStick (lip balm) Wyeth Consumer Healthcare Clorox (bleach) Clorox Company Coke (soft drink) Coca-Cola Company Crayola (crayon) Binney Smith Company Crescent Wrench (adjustable wrench) Crescent Tool Company Crock-Pot (slow cooker) Sunbeam Products Cuisinart (food processor) Conair Dumpster (front loader waste container) Dempster Brothers, Inc. Fiberglas (glass wool) Owens Corning Formica (wood or plastic laminate) Formica Corporation/Fletcher Building Freon (refrigerant) Dupont Frisbee (flying disk) Wham-O Google (Web search engine) Google Inc. Jacuzzi (hot tub/whirlpool bath) Jacuzzi Jeep (compact sport utility vehicle) Chrysler Kitty Litter (litter box filler) Ralston Purina Kleenex (facial tissue) Kimberly-Clark Memory Stick (flash memory storage device) Sony Ping Pong (table tennis) Parker Brothers Popsicle (flavored ice treat) Good Humor-Breyers Post-it (sticky note) 3M Q-Tips (cotton swabs) Unilever Scotch tape (clear adhesive tape) 3M Sharpie (permanent marker) Newell Rubbermaid Styrofoam (extruded polystyrene foam) Dow Chemical Company Super Glue (Cyanoacrylate adhesive) Super Glue Corporation Tarmack (asphalt road surface) Tarmac Taser (stun gun) Taser International Teflon (non-stick coating) Dupont The purpose in trademarking a name is to prevent it from being used to describe a similar product made by another manufacturer. If a permanent marker is a Sharpie, call it that; otherwise, call it a permanent marker. And when you use any of these terms, be sure to capitalize them and use hyphens or camel case as appropriate. Note: Camel case is the practice of writing compound words or phrases in a combination of capital and lowercase letters. For example: AstroTurf, ChapStick, iPhone, PowerPoint. Related post: Factoid and Tabloid Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)What Is the Meaning of "Hack?"

New Zealand Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New Zealand Politics - Essay Example 457). There can never be a given party dare to jeopardy proceeding to determining election ahead of utilising political marketing tolls with the intention of understanding the New Zealand citizens and have a competitive advantage (Lees-Marshment, 2009). The politicians utilize all pre-elections strategies available, they rebrand themselves; they exploit e-marketing services, conduct research on their opponents and do multiple direct campaigns. In the 2008 election campaigns, the political parties utilised most of these tools, which is no different in 2014. The political parties are relying on all their supporters to vote for them in the coming elections. The Electoral Act of 1993 provides for and governs the present electoral system in New Zealand. New Zealand is a monarchy under the constitution. The Head of State is her majesty Elizabeth II Queen of England for the modelling of the government is adopts British parliamentary system. This is state has a prime minister who heads the opposition and a resident governor general representative of the British monarch. The parliament is New Zealand’s House of Representatives. The prime ministers and the ministers of the crown make up the cabinet. Cabinet members are the members of parliament. New Zealand is a representative democracy and its members of parliament their election is in every three years in the general elections, which are free and fair. Democracy entails fair and periodic elections. The state’s next universal elections will be on 20th September 2014. All the citizens and permanent residents of at least eighteen years old ought to register as voters though not obligatory for them to vote. Nevertheless, the voter turnout in this state is quite high when com pared to other countries (Immigration, 2014). According to Hillman (2009, p.472), â€Å"People may refrain from voting because they think that the probability of their

Quantitative Methods Individual work2 wk2 Assignment

Quantitative Methods Individual work2 wk2 - Assignment Example She has beat her opponent with a battling average of 0.03 hits/at-bat My criteria for choosing the best player would be based on the batting average of the player. The right player for the scholarship is the one that has the highest batting average. The best player averagely will be Fran Hayes with a battling average of 5.66 hits/at-bat whereas her opponent Millie Marshall had an average of 5.59 hits/at-bat. This makes the analysis choose on Fran Hayes is the best player. She has the biggest overall hits/at-bat and, therefore, deserves the opportunity. However, a factor that must be incorporated in this analysis is that Millie Marshall did not win, but she records the highest hits/at-bat during her senior years than Fran Hayes. She is victorious because of the total battling average of her junior and senior years. Millie Marshall would have been given the scholarship if it were based on observing the current trend in hits/at-bat. She records the highest battle hits /at –bat and, therefore, the current softball team would rely on her to a great extent. If the analysis were focused on selecting a player based on the battling average of her junior years, then the best player in this context would still be Fran Hayes. This is because she records the highest batting average during her junior years. She has a battling average of 3hits/at-bat compared to her competitor who has 2.66 hits/at-bat. The range at which she beats her competitor is 0.34 which is a slightly significant margin. She was good during her junior years, however currently her competitor only beats her by a very narrow margin of 0.03 which is a slight margin. The selection of Fran Hayes as the suitable candidate for the scholarship is still rational and superb. Fran Hayes had a good start of the game during her junior years. She seemed to have gotten a better foundation and learnt the game much faster than her competitor. This is because her batting average during the junior years was very

Hurt people Essay Example for Free

Hurt people Essay In this paper, the work of Dr. Sandra Wilson (2001) will be looked at from the perspective of obtaining a comprehensive personal theory of counseling. Wilson draws on many years of counseling experience and has developed a simple yet profound concept that hurt people, hurt people. In this theory, Wilson describes how a person is wounded early on in life and how those hurts translates into a continual wounded adult life if not properly addressed. The paper will give a brief summary of the Wilson’s theory, point out some strengths that this theory presents along with weaknesses. Lastly, this paper will draw on personal experience from the author that connects with the content of Wilson’s theory and makes appropriate applications for further counseling practice. ? WILSON CRITIQUE ! 3 Introduction Dr. Sandra Wilson (2001) presents a very helpful and unique theory for the Christian counselor in her book, Hurt People Hurt People. This theory critique paper will introduce, unlike other theories that have been discussed, the crucial role that temporal systems play in the development of a person’s health, illness, and personality (Slide Presentation, COUN 507 B08 LUO, Week 1, Slide 2). Wilson (2001) argues that hurts and wounds that originate in childhood are the primary driving force for why a person hurts other people later on in adulthood. Summary Wilson (2001) begins her theory on why hurt people hurt people by conveying that a person’s childhood, no matter how good or loving it was, experiences some type or level of hurt (Wilson, 2001). This exploration into the childhood stage of a person’s life shows that the messages a child receives during that stage can determine the trends of one’s actions in adulthood (Wilson 2001). In essence the sum of an adult’s hurtful actions can be explained by the choices that the child made in response to the hurtful environment in which they lived (Wilson, 2001, pg. 86). This cornerstone concept stems out of Wilson’s (2001) theory of why hurt people hurt people. Wilson (2001) describes three questions that children must not only answer but by which their answers lead to the choices they make in life. First a child is asking, â€Å"Can I be safe in the environment I am in and the predominate relationships around me? † Children will make choices in their daily lives to manage how to obtain a sense of stability and meet basic needs (Wilson, 2001, pg. 74). Next, children ask the question, â€Å"Can I convey and show my true self to WILSON CRITIQUE ! 4 those around me? † (Wilson, 2001, pg. 75). This boils down to the child’s identity and desire to know if their needs and emotions are able to be met through the expression of their true nature. Lastly, children ask, â€Å"Can I be accepted in a relationally by those around me? † In this question, children learn to accept themselves or not by the quality of the how their parents accept or don’t accept them for who they are. Wilson (2001) concludes that what is uniquely powerful in this dynamic is that children believe they are freely making their choices when in fact they have very little option in the process (Wilson, 2001, pg. 82). Wilson (2001) finds that where a child questions has dramatic and adult-changing effect due to a perception we have about God. Wilson states that children from a general sense think of God as an exaggerated parent? This perception of God as an exaggerated parent explains how the choices that children make based on the above stated questions that children ask have an effect in adult life. So for example, if a child is raised in a stable home and feels loved, accepted and able to be themselves, they will generally view God as someone who has the same inclination. Weaknesses and Strengths Wilson (2001) presents many strengths in her theory of hurt people, hurt people. One of the strengths is her ability to communicate the motivation for why individuals behave in hurtful ways to one another. She relates that the messages that children receive from their parents in good and bad instances are then acted upon to protect and defend safety, stability, and their sense of image. These choices which continue on into adulthood come out in an unhealthy way of WILSON CRITIQUE ! 5 relating to one other (Wilson, 2001). Wilson’s approach is centered on the past of the individual where a majority of these choices have their beginning. Another strength of Wilson is her ability to define the role of temporal systems in the development of personality. She makes a case that what we live through and how we change as result of the environment ultimately determines what we become, which can have positive or negative consequences (Wilson, 2001, pg. 86). Wilson creates a helpful map for understanding from a general perspective how someone might change from the temporal systems in which they live. By describing this particular map, Wilson helps the counselor and/or counselee trace their steps back to understand the origins of the choices made. At the end of the map, Wilson purposes that the family system, the schools system, or other cultural systems are potential reasons for what motivates hurtful behavior. One weakness to point out from Wilson’s theory is the fact she focus predominately on the past. Wilson does not look into other explanations for motivation other than centering her theory around the parent’s effect on the child. Though she does talk on a few points about the Lord’s role in how a person goes about changing in to a healthy adult  , the majority of Wilson’s synthesis for why someone may hurt others or take a defensive stance toward another person centers less on biblical principles and more on her year of experience in the counseling field. Though this can’t be considered a true hard and fast weakness, I would have expected her to undergird this prominent part of process with scriptural references. WILSON CRITIQUE ! 6 Personal Reflection I agree with Wilson’s theory of why hurt people hurt people, mainly because I personally relate. When I read her theory, and think of my own personal childhood, I can very much see where some of my own behaviors have come out of thoughts and choices I made to protect my own feelings and acceptance. As I look back at my own past relations with my dad and how that has dramatically effected me in some negative areas, I recall the main challenge that Wilson describes we have to face and overcome is our distorted view of God (Wilson, 2001, pg. 188). As I have thought through what my dad has communicated to me about who God is, I realize more and more how much more of a journey I have in knowing God truly. It would seem that one of the greatest tasks that we as counselors have is the stewardship of the truth of revealing who God is. If what Wilson has described is on point, and I think it is, then how we as counselors accurately and efficaciously communicate the truth of the person of God to hurting people is paramount to the transformation. One method that Wilson described in her book for helping counselees is how introducing new choices and consistently enacting those choices can produce change? Through the counseling process, I would want to identify what was the pathway or map for the distorted view of God and how that distorted view has shaped the actions of the person. I would then introduce the simple truth of what the counselee doesn’t know into the the realm of the known. Wilson makes a great point that the counselee wont know they can change until they know what they have chosen (Wilson, 2001, pg. 88). I think this can be a powerful tool in the tool belt of counseling because it is the power truth that will ultimately set the person free to heal from the wounds that they are experiencing.

Phantom of the Opera Essay -- essays research papers

Phantom of the Opera   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, Phantom of the Opera, by Gaston Leroux, we are introduced to a character known to everyone as the mysterious Opera Ghost. His character in this book is very complex. Although the Opera Ghost is very ugly physically and mentally, through his actions, we can find much beauty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the masked ball we are given, what the reader believes at the time, a very good physical description of the Opera Ghost. At the masked ball the Opera Ghost does a perfect job imitating death. â€Å"The Grim Reaper himself must have posed for it,† the on looking crowd would comment. But the hideous thing that he wears upon his head is, in fact, only a mask. What he hides underneath the mask is more wretched than anything imaginable to men. The Opera Ghost was, â€Å"Made up entirely of death,†(138). He was so disgustingly ugly that, â€Å"his mother would never let him kiss her, she would throw his mask at him and run away,†(263). Poor Erik’s life knows nothing but ugliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We see more of the Opera Ghost’s ugliness when we read of the Persians description of the Opera Ghost’s love of torture. Before the Opera, Erik designs torture chambers for a little sultana in Persia. His design was just a small room with six walls, with each wall being a mirror. There is also a tree with a Punjab Lasso. The Opera Ghost’s idea of torture was not so much physical pain, but a tortur...

English Essay Creative Writing – Bullying

English Writing Dear Diary I am standing alone in a lake. The water is still, and there is no one with me – nothing containing any life†¦ and yet I still feel like something is observing me. I can’t hear anything or see through the thick blanket of fog that carries an air of melancholy across the marsh. I am standing alone in a lake. Until I open my eyes. Tranquillity leaves me and I am transported to a place where there is no adequation; where hierarchy takes over and all beings abide by it. If you enter this place and you begin the journey deficiently, you will never be accepted into this complex community they call school.Date I gasped for air between sobs. Tears from my wide, moistened eyes streamed unchecked down my pale cheeks. The tears tasted brackish to my lips, with a meaning tint of bitterness in them: bitterness that I felt and enjoin to the others for putting me in such a base and pitiful condition as I was in that day; or always, for that matter. Tear s blinded my eyes as a reinvigorated surge of despair swept me. A muffled groan of grief arose in my throat, and my head throbbed with pain. But I kept silent, because I had learned to do so now.The way I have learnt to adjust to my surroundings in this alien, hostile school, and had learnt to accept countless jeers and merciless teasing from the people around me. I sat staring deeply at the engraved graffiti, each letter giving a fierce image. â€Å"Must die†. They had warned it was going to be bad, although I never expected this. I never was a strong person. If only I had the courage to stand up and stop this. Date My spirit broke with the dawn. I opened my eyes to a new day full of potential – nonetheless, the desolation of yesterday was still lodged within: the thought of facing another day was abhorrent to me.I yearned for the day when I could leap out into the world with a beaming smile spread wide across my glowing face, prepared for what opportunities the day w ould offer. Regrettably, there would be no such energy for me today, or any other day for that matter. This day, just as any other, I tore myself away from the only place on earth I could feel marginally safe, to trudge to the haunt of my tormentors. I knew without a single doubt that there was not even a semblance of the most miniscule of smiles on my face but that I did, in fact, bear the dejected expression of a prisoner as he ambles towards the gallows.Scuttling innocently through the twisting corridors I bore the same expression; head down, shoulders hunched, avoiding any eye contact – my desperate attempts to deter the despot for one day at least. Despite my efforts, there was no escape, as seemingly within the second of having that naively optimistic thought, a cruel, callous voice demanded I surrender my broach. Fear spiked, as it always did, but with it came something else, an alien emotion †¦ Looking back now, I see that it must have been the cumulative effect of months of torment that brought me to the realisation that at this point I had reached the nadir of my life.Deriding cackles pierced my ears and this time I recognised the emotion, fury. It burned through my veins, along with the memories of the past to form a feeling of overwhelming power. I met the daggers that would usually invoke terror, and calmly, I said â€Å"No. † Date With my newfound sense of worth – the desire to exact some kind of revenge for being so subjugated was inexplicably tempting. Though some say that by forgiving we become virtuous, was it not Shakespeare himself who said, â€Å"If you wrong us, shall we not revenge? †

Black Tuesday and the Great Depression

As the American economy is presently dealing with a heavy recession, I deemed it appropriate to choose the Great Depression and the Stock Market Crash of 1929 as the topic for my research paper. The Great Depression was a 10 year period of suffering in the United States from 1929 to 1939, also majorly affecting the rest of North America, Europe and other industrialized areas across the globe, caused by many different events and choices. In early 1929, as the New Era neared its calamitous end, America was the richest nation in the world; the richest in all history.America’s 122 million people had more real wealth and real income, both per person and in total, than the people of any other country (Chandler, 1970). General observations of the stock market frequently discussed were of the high stock prices, and speculations were made about what would happen in the late 1920s. Were the stocks generally too high? Or was this a new level for the stock market? October 29, 1929, otherw ise known as Black Tuesday, gave a precise answer to these questions with the crash of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the start of the Great Depression in America, quickly to spread across the globe.The Great Depression is often said to demonstrate the instability of market economics and the need for government oversight and direction (Smiley, 2002). The stock prices were far too high, which quickly caused the bloated stock market to crash, resulting in dynamic losses for the entire American economy. Stocks had risen to uncommonly high levels which had not been explored before, but occurred regularly throughout the late 1920s. These high prices marked the peak for stocks in September of 1929 just before the market began to drop drastically.The Times estimated the loss for Black Tuesday at between $8 and $9 billion (Harold Bierman, 1998), with the overall loss at a much higher price than that. In reality, the major causes of the Stock Market Crash were because of actions take n and decisions made during the Roaring Twenties. However, the Great Depression did not occur simply because of one cause. It was a combination of easy credit, unequal distribution of wealth between the classes, the Stock Market Crash, and many more rising tribulations.The Roaring Twenties were a time of liberal and progressive ideas which included new technologies and goods resulting in an increase of the monetary prosperity within the economy. There was Henry Ford’s development of the moving assembly line, and new industries and inventions in chemicals, aviation, and electronics. By 1929, the United States were producing over 40% of the world’s manufactured goods (Foner, 2008). The automobile was the backbone of the prosperous economic growth.Henry Ford’s inexpensive Model T, with its ability to be mass produced was very significant, seeing that throughout the 1920s, automobile production tripled from 1. 5 to 4. 8 million. Charles Lindbergh flew the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927, and the nation’s total income rose from $74. 3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929, along with many other prosperous events (Gusmorino). Even though there were these numerous new expansions that increased the standard of living in the United States, there was a good portion of the economy that remained in poverty and was not able to prosper like the rest of the country.Farmers’ incomes continually declined, which forced many banks to foreclose tens of thousands of farms because owners were not able to pay the mortgage. Also, the majority of families had no savings because everything was bought on easy credit, which would drastically hurt them when the stock market collapsed in 1929. Many goods in the 1920s were commonly purchased on credit through a new type of payment plan, otherwise known as â€Å"buy now, pay later. An interesting fact is that while Calvin Coolidge was in the White House, Herbert Hoover had been warning since 1925 against the use of credit in the market. Coolidge, instead of speaking out against stock market speculation, insisted in March 1929 as he left office, that U. S. prosperity was absolutely sound and that stocks were cheap at current prices (White, 1996). It turns out Hoover had been correct, which most likely had an effect on Hoover getting elected as President after Coolidge. The stock market crash did not, by itself, cause the Depression.There had been signs of economic trouble throughout the decade, with the highly unequal distribution of income and the prolonged depression in farm regions, which resulted in reduced American purchasing power (Foner, 2008). Through the period of imbalance between the earnings and spending of the different classes of families, the only two things the United States could rely on to keep the economy at the same level was credit sales and luxury spending and investment from the wealthy (Gusmorino). The quick collapse of the worldwide economy was dreadf ul and to most, unpredictable. Around 26,000 businesses failed in 1930.Throughout the industrial world, millions of families lost their life savings; depositors immediately withdrew money from the banks because they were worried that they could no longer count on the promise to redeem paper money in gold (Foner, 2008). This was true because the global financial system in this time in history was based on the gold standard, and ill-equipped to deal with the downturn. Four-fifths of the Rockefeller family fortune disappeared; General Motors stock fell from $73 to $8 and U. S. Steel stock fell from $262 to $22, while U. S. Steel, who had 225,000 full-time workers in 1929 had none at the end of 1932 (Foner, 2008).By 1933, 11,000 of the United States’ 25,000 banks had failed (Nelson). Unemployment grew to five million people in 1930 and then up to 13 million by 1932. Hundreds of thousands of Americans roamed the country in search of food, shelter, and work; at least 13 million mem bers of the labor force who were able and willing to work were entirely unemployed, and millions more were only partially employed (Chandler, 1970). The future was masked in plain uncertainty. Over the course of the first few years of the Depression, President Herbert Hoover was thought by many Americans that his response to the Depression was uncaring and inadequate.Nevertheless, the federal government had never faced an economic crisis as severe as the Great Depression, so you can’t blame the political leaders for not knowing exactly what to do in that situation. Hoover remained strongly opposed to direct federal intervention in the economy, and constantly made public statements to aim for higher public confidence, but all it did was make him progressively more out of touch with what was really happening in the country (Foner, 2008). Hoover’s administration’s response was very ineffective, and forced American freedom to be redefined during the 1930s once he le ft office with Franklin D.Roosevelt’s election in 1932. Franklin D. Roosevelt came to be beloved as the symbolic representative of ordinary citizens, which was strongly needed in America at that time. I’m sure this was part the reason he was President for three straight terms and was able to lead the United States out of the Great Depression. One of the best things Roosevelt did when entering his Presidency was to include as many intellectuals and social workers in key positions in his administration with decisions about what should be done to deal with the Depression.He introduced a number of new changes in hopes that it would increase the structure of the American economy by using increased government regulation and massive public-works projects to hopefully promote a recovery (Nelson). Unfortunately, these changes did not help much at all, except for a key move by Roosevelt to take the United States off the gold standard. He also established the Federal Deposit Insu rance Corporation (FDIC), which insured the accounts of individual depositors.By severing the link between the country’s currency and its gold reserves, he made is possible to issue more money in the hope of stimulating business activity; these two measures rescued the financial system and greatly increased the government’s power over it. To show an example of how positive it was, not a single bank failed in the United States in 1936 (Foner, 2008). Franklin Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† was created to help the American public believe that greater regulation would solve many of the country’s problems.The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was established in 1933 along with the National Industrial Recovery Act, which would work with groups of business leaders to establish industry codes to set standards for output, prices, and working conditions. FDR believed that the idea of liberty should be brought back in order to encourage economic activity an d ensure a fair distribution of wealth, and was welcomed immediately. In spite of this, the NRA was declared unconstitutional in 1935, and never produced economic recovery or peace between employers and workers (Nelson).In March 1933, Congress established the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which set unemployed young men to work on projects such as forest flood control and many other jobs outside in nature and the wildlife. The young men’s ages ranged from 18-25; by the time the program ended in 1942, over 3 million young men had participated in the projects where they received government wages of $30 a month (Foner, 2008). In 1935, Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act which gave workers the right to bargain through unions of their choice and gave clear labor practices (Nelson).A policy that took place during the first three months of Roosevelt’s administration, otherwise known as the â€Å"Hundred Days,† was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in 1933. Roosevelt moved to bring agriculture under the federal umbrella, and to have farm subsidies and production controls be protected under the AAA (Scaliger). The AAA made the federal government attempt to raise farm prices by setting production quotas for major crops and by paying farmers to plant less (Foner, 2008).This was very effective in providing economic relief for farmers; especially since farmers had been having serious problems for years before the Great Depression began in 1929. Even though not all farmers benefited from this act, it was able to raise farm prices and incomes for many, which opened up a way for farmers to begin receiving benefits once again. Unfortunately, the period of unusually dry weather, otherwise known as the Dust Bowl, in the Great Plains caused some serious problems for the AAA, farmers, and rural America.The Dust Bowl occurred mainly from 1935-1938 in the areas of Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado. The region suffered a very severe droug ht, the most severe of the century. Wind and dust storms blew most of the soil away, which resulted in crops being destroyed, cars and machinery being ruined, and people and animals dying and being harmed in general. The drought and dust storms displaced more than 1 million farmers and American citizens, in addition to forcing them to leave the Great Plains and head west, or anywhere they could go where these high winds and droughts were not occurring.Even though the AAA was generally successful, it was deserted in 1936 when it was ruled an unconstitutional exercise of congressional power over local economic activities. The Depression also devastated the American housing industry, but the establishment of the Home Owners Loan Corporation and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) helped insure millions of long-term mortgages issued by private banks (Foner, 2008). Home ownership now became possible for tens of millions of American families, and more opportunities began to arise.Roo sevelt’s First New Deal came to a halt after having many both successful and non-successful experiments, along with being unable to pull the United States out of the Depression. Afterward in 1935, Franklin D. Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal for the reason that he was stimulated by the failure of his First New Deal to pull the country out of the Depression. The First New Deal had focused on economic recovery; the weight of the Second was on economic security, where Americans would be protected against unemployment and poverty (Foner, 2008).In 1935, Congress and Roosevelt attacked the problem of weak demand and economic inequality by levying a highly publicized tax on large fortunes and corporate profits which ended up creating the Rural Electrification Agency (REA). The purpose of the REA was to bring electric power to homes that lacked it, and proved to be one of the Second New Deal’s most successful programs. FDR then approved the establishment of the Works Pro gress Administration (WPA), which hired countless Americans every year until it ended in 1943.The attempt was to provide work instead of welfare; buildings, roads, schools, airports, bridges, stadiums, swimming pools, and sewage treatment plants were built across the United States. On top of all this, Congress created the National Youth Administration in 1935 which was set to provide much needed relief for teenagers and young adults who were unemployed. The centerpiece of the Second New Deal was the Social Security Act of 1935. This act created a system to provide unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, the elderly poor, and families with dependent children (Foner, 2008).Social Security, along with these many other actions taken by Congress during the Second New Deal showed a great deal of promise for the American people in hopes to soon rise out of the Depression. Roosevelt was the also first president to make effective use of the radio to promote his pol icies. He won a landslide victory against Alfred M. Landon in 1936 to become President for a second term in a row even though some critics believed the expansion of government functions would undermine the liberties of the people.President Roosevelt insisted to these critics that his measures to increase an economic well-being would strengthen liberty and democracy (Nelson). He reminded the American people on a radio address in 1938 that: Democracy has disappeared in several other great nations, not because the people of those nations disliked democracy, but because they had grown tired of unemployment and insecurity, of seeing their children hungry while they sat helpless in the face of government confusion and government weakness through lack of leadership†¦.Finally, in desperation, they chose to sacrifice liberty in the hope of getting something to eat. We in America know that our democratic institutions can be preserved and made to work. But in order to preserve them we nee d†¦ to prove that the practical operation of democratic government is equal to the task of protecting the security of the people†¦. The people of America are in agreement in defending their liberties at any cost, and the first line of the defense lies in the protection of economic security. (Nelson)Toward the end of the 1930s, tension began building between Japan and the United States while the war in Europe had started, and the United States had joined Canada in a Mutual Board of Defense. At this point, the American economy was still in distress, with Roosevelt getting elected once again in 1940. FDR was the president for the third term in a row for the first and only time in U. S. history. During 1941, the United States had become more and more closely allied with those fighting Germany and Japan. FDR declared that, â€Å"America would be the great arsenal of democracy† (Foner, 2008).Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the U. S. , which halted virtually all trade b etween the countries. In retaliation, Japan involved the United States in World War II when Japanese planes bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. This resulted in the destruction of 19 ships (including five battleships), about 150 planes, and the deaths of more than 2,300 soldiers, sailors, and civilians. The following day the United States declared war with Japan; three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.Less than a month later, President Roosevelt announced that the upcoming year would deliver 60,000 planes, 45,000 tanks, 20,000 antiaircraft guns and 18 million deadweight tons of merchant shipping to help fight the war (Nelson). The United States entry into WWII also brought many new jobs and opportunities for Americans, such as working in areas of mass production of weapons and manufacturing, along with joining the United States’ Army, which helped turn the economy around even though the country was at war.In the l ong run, freedom, not government, is the best cure for economic crises; the American Great Depression fostered from start to finish by our own federal government, with the help of wily bankers and financiers (Scaliger). A depression occurs when something disrupts the free market system so that resource owners and consumers cannot accurately identify and respond to change. The recovery during the Great Depression shook the faith of many people, took many changes in the role of the federal government, and in more ways than one, created the conditions that led to World War II (Smiley, 2002).In reality, there is no reason to believe that recessions will not continue to occur in the United States, just like the recession we are currently in as Americans. Luckily, we do have reason to believe that we now have the knowledge, instruments, and national will to prevent recessions from developing into deep and prolonged depressions (Chandler, 1970). The Great Depression of the 1930s was a worl dwide phenomenon composed of an infinte number of separate but related events. The Great Depression was a terrible time in America, lasting for more than ten years, and forced millions of people out of jobs, homes and life.I believe it may have been necessary to have a depression like the Great Depression at some point in history so we know what not to do if the time were unlucky enough to come; but since it did take place, we can today have more high hopes about the future. Some people question today in 2008 if this is a repeat of 1929 or 1930, but we are not even close to the terrific economic turmoil that took place back in the 1930s, and I am thankful for that. Nobody in their right mind should ever desire an event as tragic as the Great Depression to ever transpire again.Works Cited Anonymous. (n. d. ). Finance And Economics: 1929 and all that; Echoes of the Depression. Retrieved October 19, 2008, from ProQuest: http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=1566742201&sid=8&Fmt=3&clien tId=5046&RQT=309&VName=PQD Chandler, L. V. (1970). America's Greatest Depression 1929-1941. New York: Harper ; Row. Foner, E. (2008). Give Me Liberty! An American History. New York: W. W. Norton ; Company, Inc. Garraty, J. A. (1987). The Great Depression. New York: Anchor Books. Harold Bierman, J. (1998). The Causes of the 1929 Stock Market Crash. Westport: Greenwood Press. (Gusmorino), P. A. (n. d. ). Main Causes of the Great Depression. Retrieved October 18, 2008, from (Gusmorino) World: http://www. (Gusmorino). com/pag3/greatdepression/ Nelson, C. (n. d. ). The Depression in the United States- An Overview. Retrieved October 19, 2008, from Modern American Poetry: http://www. english. uiuc. edu/maps/depression/overview. htm Scaliger, C. (n. d. ). The Great Depression. Retrieved October 19, 2008, from ProQuest: http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=1504859451;sid=8;Fmt=3;clientId=5046;RQT=309;VName=PQD Smiley, G. (2002). Rethinking The Great Depression. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. Wigmore , B. A. (1985). The Crash and Its Aftermath. Westport: Greenwood Press.

Speech on Air Pollution Essay Example

Speech on Air Pollution Essay Example Speech on Air Pollution Paper Speech on Air Pollution Paper Essay Topic: Air pollution Water pollution Therefore, ozone is at its peak during hot summer days. Exposure to high levels of ozone can have serious consequences on your health. It can cause respiratory disease, loss of pulmonary elasticity, and premature aging of our lungs. Next, is acid rain, which OCCUrs in the atmosphere in the form Of sulfur and nitrogen oxide. These pollutants can have serious damaging affects on aquatic, forest and wildlife ecosystems, as well as deterioration of buildings. Carbon monoxide is another form of pollution. It reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen. If a human is exposed to higher levels, it can cause chest pains, angina attacks or even death. Coal-burning power plants and motor vehicles are among the largest contributors to air pollution. Around 70% of the carbon monoxide found in the Northeast comes from cars. They also are the biggest source of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions which help form ozone. Acid rain deposits are found in fossil fuels emitted from utility and industrial sources. The power plants that were built before the 1 977 Clean Air Act did not have to comply because they were supposed to be phased out eventually. Many are still operating today, releasing much more pollution than modern plants. 97 percent of the acid rain and haze-causing sulfur dioxide, 85 percent of the ozone smog-causing nitrogen oxide, and 99 percent of the toxic mercury pollution come from the utility sector. Unfortunately, these pollutants can be carried in the atmosphere by weather systems. Thus, they can travel for hundreds of miles causing damage as they go. Acid deposits in the soil can have devastating affects in the forest. It gradually causes the loss of plant nutrients, calcium and magnesium. This leads to dying off of trees in the forest. Also, acid deposits in lakes and streams have led to a drop in fish production. Mercury is another source of pollution which can be harmful to humans and wildlife. It comes from the emissions of coal-burning power plants and is deposited into the air and water. This chemical damages the nervous system, and has a detrimental affect on reproduction and prenatal development. Greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, absorb energy radiated by the Earth and then send it back into our atmosphere as heat. This is called the greenhouse effect. During the last century, with the increased use of fuels, the levels of these gases have increased dramatically. The result has been an increase in the Earths temperature causing ice masses to melt and sea levels to rise. Coastal flooding in some areas and droughts in others have affected plant and animal life. Changes in climates have also occurred which affects wildlife and ecosystems. In my opinion, air pollution can and is having a devastating affect on the entire planet. We have already seen some of its affects. Forests are shrinking, some types of exotic plant and wildlife have become endangered or even extinct. We all need to work together to make sure that regulations are upheld. We must become the watchdogs and enforcers so that air pollution does not win and rob us of our future generations. Here in the Northeast, states are working together to find ways to reduce pollution. They have established programs to regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants. Federal standards, such as the sasss Clean Air Act, have been implemented which states must comply with.

Three Review Exercises in Subject-Verb Agreement

Three Review Exercises in Subject-Verb Agreement These three review exercises will give you practice in applying the rules of subject-verb agreement. After you have completed each exercise, compare your responses with the answers. Agreement Exercise A For each pair of sentences below, write out the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Keep to the present tense, and be guided by our four tips for agreement and our three special cases.1. Do you know how to play bocce? The game (do) not require any special athletic abilities.2. There is a new bocce league at the recreational center. There (be) several teams in the league.3. I have a new set of bocce balls. My friend (have) a new pallino ball.4. Bocce is a game for people of all ages. I (be) going to show you how to play.5. The players take turns rolling a ball down the court. Each of the players [take] one ball and aims for the pallino.6. We try to get our balls as close to the pallino as possible. Rick often (try) to bounce his ball off the side of the court.7. Nobody enjoys playing bocce more than I do. Everybody who plays bocce (enjoy) the game.8. There are four players on each team. There (be) a tournament at the end of the season.9. The winners of the tournament carry home a trophy. Everyone (carry) home good memories.10. I am ready to play a game now. You and your friends (be) welcome to join us. Agreement Exercise B For each pair of sentences below, write out the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Keep to the present tense, and be guided by our four tips for agreement and our three special cases.1. Both candidates oppose increased defense spending. Neither of the two candidates (oppose) the war in Iraq.2. Not one of these cell phones belongs to me. One of the phones (belong) to Merdine.3. Most students take all of their classes in the morning. Nobody (take) classes after 2:00.4. One of my hobbies is collecting shopping bags. My hobbies (be) unusual.5. Gus and Merdine want a trial separation. Neither one (want) to move out of the apartment.6. Neither of the players admits that he made an error. Both players (admit) that somebody made a mistake.7. Both the manager and her assistant have been fired. Neither the manager nor her assistant (have) been notified.8. Where is your little brother? Several pages from my journal (be) missing.9. Professor Legree often goes for long walks in the rain. Th e lights in his house (go) on at midnight. 10. The students in the back of the room play poker during breaks. The student who sits next to the refreshments (play) solitaire. Agreement Exercise C In the following paragraph, identify the six errors in subject-verb agreement. According to legend, Santa Claus is a fat old man who visits every house on our planet in about eight hours on one of the coldest nights of the year. Santa, as everybody knows, stop for a glass of milk and a cookie at each house along the route. He prefer to work unnoticed, so he wears a luminous red suit and travels with a pack of bell-jangling reindeer. For reasons that most people does not understand, this jolly old man enters each house not by the front door but through the chimney (whether you has a chimney or not). He customarily gives generously to children in wealthy families, and he usually remind poorer children that its the thought that counts. Santa Claus is one of the earliest beliefs that parents try to instill in their children. After this absurdity, its a wonder that any child ever believe in anything again. Answers to Exercise A (1) does; (2) are; (3) has; (4) am; (5) takes; (6) tries; (7) enjoys; (8) is; (9) carries; (10) are. Answers to Exercise B (1) oppose; (2) belongs; (3) takes; (4) are; (5) wants; (7) has; (8) are; (9) go; (10) plays. Answers to Exercise C (1) Change stop for a glass to stops  for a glass; (2) change prefer to work to prefers  to work; (3) change people does not understand to people  do  not understand; (4) change you has a chimney to you  have  a chimney; (5) change remind poorer children to reminds  poorer children; (6) change child ever believe to child ever  believes.

Right ingredients for a successful M&A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Right ingredients for a successful M&A - Essay Example Factors such as shifting market dynamics from US to Emerging Markets, rising healthcare demand due to ageing population, regulatory and government changes due to economic environment and patent expiration of blockbuster drugs and the failure of R&D have led companies to restructure, grow inorganically and contain costs. Rationale behind M&A in Pharma There are a number of reasons behind which organizations merge or aquire each other, the most presiding one is accelerating growth. Pharma industry has some unique growth drivers that lead the companies to grow inorganically rather in the conventional way. The key drivers of M&A growth in the pharmaceutical industries are: 1. R&D Productivity: The pharmaceutical industry is research-intensive industry, with an average R&D to sales ratio as high as 18%, compared to 4% for US manufacturing industry overall (Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers of America, 2011). The R&D process is expensive costing $1.3bn in average (Grabowski, 200 7) time-consuming (12-15 years) and highly risky in their outcomes. Hence, by joining the research expertise of the two companies, M&As can profoundly improve the research performance of the firms involved. 2. Pipeline growth: An important investing criterion in pharma firms is evaluating company’s drug pipeline. Inspite of the exorbitant R&D spend, drug pipelines of companies are quite barren, especially the late?stage pipelines. Hence it is imperative for the Pharma companies to look outside in order to fill their pipelines. 3. Search for Blockbusters: Blockbusters, defined as brands with annual sales in excess of $1 billion, continue to drive growth. Pharma companies constantly search for blockbuster drug molecules such as Eli Lily’s Prozac or Pfizer’s Lipitor to boast their... Right ingredients for a successful M&A There are a number of reasons behind which organizations merge or aquire each other, the most presiding one is accelerating growth. Pharma industry has some unique growth drivers that lead the companies to grow inorganically rather in the conventional way. The key drivers of M&A growth in the pharmaceutical industries are: R&D Productivity: The pharmaceutical industry is research-intensive industry, with an average R&D to sales ratio as high as 18%, compared to 4% for US manufacturing industry overall.The R&D process is expensive costing $1.3bn in average time-consuming and highly risky in their outcomes. Hence, by joining the research expertise of the two companies, M&As can profoundly improve the research performance of the firms involved. Pipeline growth: An important investing criterion in pharma firms is evaluating company’s drug pipeline. In spite of the exorbitant R&D spend, drug pipelines of companies are quite barren, especially the late†¨stage pipelines. Hence it is imperative for the Pharma companies to look outside in order to fill their pipelines. Blockbusters, defined as brands with annual sales in excess of $1 billion, continue to drive growth. Pharma companies constantly search for blockbuster drug molecules such as Eli Lily’s Prozac or Pfizer’s Lipitor to boast their top lines. The period for which the patented drug can be masrketed is effectively 4-5 years after which the patent owning company loses its exclusivity to market and sell the drug.

The Life of an Outsider in New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Life of an Outsider in New York - Essay Example On the other hand, Mosley paints a less romantic picture of America by detailing struggles of the working class. He says that although America is a land of great wealth, it has a large population of the poor population. The paradox of the situation is that while the poor people make the wealth for the rich people, the wealth is retained by a smaller part of the population. It is essential to highlight that immigrants usually provides the highest population of workers. Such workers do low-end jobs that involve tedious work. Mosley blames the middle class for their negligent attitude on the phenomenon of income inequality (White 187).   Ã‚  Capitalism, therefore, is a disease to the country since it relies on wage labor as a contributor to profits. In spite of its importance, labor is not adequately compensated for the same. On the other hand, Mosley paints a less romantic picture of America by detailing struggles of the working class. He says that although America is a land of great wealth, it has a large population of the poor population. The paradox of the situation is that while the poor people make the wealth for the rich people, the wealth is retained by a smaller part of the population. It is essential to highlight that immigrants usually provides the highest population of workers. Such workers do low-end jobs that involve tedious work. Mosley blames the middle class for their negligent attitude on the phenomenon of income inequality (White 187). Capitalism, therefore, is a disease to the country since it relies on wage labor as a contributor to profits. In spite of its importance, labor is not adequately compensated for the same.

A Discussion of the Copyright Industrys Assignment

A Discussion of the Copyright Industrys - Assignment Example The internet has been famously defined as a network of networks, and the denser these networks become; the more complicated it becomes to prevent the bane of copyright infringement and other intellectual property violations from occurring. 2Even though the courts have been willing to intervene where there has been an infringement of copyright, the practical difficulties of managing copyright violations arise whenever the "sheer scale" and "speed" of the internet causes high-speed reproduction of the material to be achieved without actually being detected. The development of copyright law can actually be traced back to a time when there was no technology or mechanism by way of which it would be possible to replicate copies of written material. It was not possible to achieve any large scale infringement of copyrighted material as it is today from the comfort of our homes on the internet. Within British legal history, it is said that the King used the Royal Prerogative as far back as 1662 to pass the Licensing Act of 16623. The first real Copyright Protection Act, however, came as the "The Statute of Anne" giving the author copyright privileges for a fixed time period. On an international level, the Berne Convention in 1887 defined the scope of copyright protection and is still an important part of international intellectual property law.4 The advent of the photocopier followed subsequently by, home audio recording, video recording, and finally, the Personal Computer (PC) allowed digitized and rapid copying. The modern Copyright Infringer does not need a large factory of copying machines to create illegal copies of, copyrighted material.5 All in all the challenge for copyright holders has never been greater. The law provides legal remedies available to copyright owners to prevent others from copying the product and to protect original works involving some degree of skill, effort, and judgment. In England, The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 gives protection to books, films, videos, plays, music, and drawings, all of which can make it onto the internet in some form or another.This law protects computer software as a form of literary work and even large databases form copyrighted material have been given protection under the Copyright and Rights in Databases Regulations 1997. Under the Rules, the copyright owner can apply for an injunction to prevent misuse of his copyrighted material and to order the infringer to return the infringed "intellectual property" and maybe a grant for damages. All this, however, looks very nice in the Statute books but the power of the internet to disrupt Copyright mechanisms has often been compared to a force which is always connected and is everywhere and anywhere all of the time.Very often copyright owners feel helpless in the face of technologically sophisticated infringements. For example in the famous case of Napster music files were created in MP3 format and Peer to Peer file sharing began. Within months 50 million people were using a service which was a blatant violation of copyright laws.

Satellite Communication Systems Overview

Satellite Communication Systems Overview SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS OVERVIEW Satellite communication enables two Stations on the earth to communicate through radio broadcast which are located far away from each other. The two stations use satellite as a relay station for their communication. One of the earth station will transmit to the satellite. This is called as Uplink. The satellite Transponder will convert the signal and sends it down to the other earth station. This is called a Downlink. The satellite communication is advantageous over terrestrial communication because of the huge coverage area and high bandwidth capabilities. The disadvantages of satellite communication are large propagation delay, communication cost and gradual increase in use of bandwidth. The basic factors to be considered in satellite communication are; elevation angle is the angle of the earth surface to the center line of the satellite transmission beam. This angle gives considerable effects on satellites coverage area. Ideally, elevation angle should be 0 degrees, so that the tr ansmission beam will reach the horizon visible to the satellite in all directions. However, there is a minimum elevation angle of earth stations because of the environmental factors like objects blocking the transmission, atmospheric attenuation, and earth electrical background noise. Coverage angle is the measure of the portion of the earth surface visible to a satellite taking the minimum elevation angle into account. [1] It is denoted as, R/(R+h) = cos (ÃŽ ² + ÃŽ ¸)/cos (ÃŽ ¸) Here R is earth radius (6370 Km), h is satellite orbit height, Î’ is coverage angle and ? is the minimum elevation angle. There are impairments like free space loss, atmospheric attenuation caused by rain and fog will create considerable effects during transmission. [1] There are different type of satellite services namely, Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) to offers point to point communication. Broadcast Satellite Services (BSS) to provide satellite television and radio. Mobile satellite Services (MSS) will provide telephony. There are number of satellites orbiting in different orbits. [1] The types of satellite orbits are (GEO) geostationary earth orbit, Medium earth orbit (MEO), Low earth orbit (LEO) Molniya and tundra orbit.GEO satellites are in orbit 35,863 km above the earths surface along the equator. Objects in Geostationary orbit revolve around the earth at the same speed so as the earth rotates. This means GEO satellites remain in the same position relative to the surface of earth. This satellite has large coverage area which almost one fourth of the earths surface. It has 24 hour continuous view of the particular regions of the earth, so it is used for broadcasting and multipoint applications. These GEO satellites have difficulty in broadcasting in near polar region.LEO satellites are much closer to the earth than GEO satellites, ranging from 500 to 1,500 km above the surface.LEO satellites dont stay in fixed position relative to the surface, and are only visible for 15 to 20 minutes each pass. So a network of LEO satellites is necessary for LEO satellites to be useful. A LEO satellites proximity to earth compared to a GEO satellite gives it a better signal strength and less time delay, which is better for point to point communication. A LEO satellites smaller area of coverage is less of a waste of bandwidth. Atmospheric drag affects LEO satellites, causing gradual orbital deterioration. A MEO satellite is in orbit somewhere between 8,000 km and 18,000 km above the earths surface.MEO satellites are similar to LEO satellites in functionality.MEO satellites are visible for much longer periods of time than LEO satellites, usually between 2 to 8 hours.MEO satellites have a larger coverage area than LEO satellites. Tundra and Molniya Orbit Satellites are used by Russia for decades. Molniya Orbit is an elliptical orbit. The satellite remains in a nearly fixed position relative to earth for eight hours. A series of three Molniya satellites can act like a GEO satellite. It is useful for operations in near Polar Regions. [1] International Teleco mmunication Union (ITU) has done the frequency allocation and planning for all satellite services. To facilitate efficient frequency planning, the whole world is divided into three regions. [1] They are, Region 1: Europe, Africa, Mongolia Region 2: Greenland, South and North America Region 3: Australia, Asia, South west pacific Frequency band are allocated within these regions to provide various satellite services. Some of the satellite services are Broadcasting Satellite Services, Mobile satellite services, fixed satellite services, Navigational and meteorological satellite services. [1] Different types of satellites use various frequency bands. They are given in the table below, FREQUNCY BAND OPERATING FREQUENCY (GHz) TYPES OF SATELLITE SERVICE USES L-Band 1-2 MSS S- Band 2-4 MSS C-Band 4-8 FSS X-Band 8-12.5 FSS Ku-Band 12.5-18 FSS and BSS K-Band 18-26.5 FSS and BSS Ka-band 26.5- 40 FSS References: courses.missouristate.edu/HuiLiu/csc690/slides/Satellite.ppt (http://search.missouristate.edu/advanced/courses.aspx)

Hercules and Syprus :: essays research papers

Now Heracles had just finished his tweleveth labour when the king said that he has another labour.Hercales is now devistated and angry at the king but he does not show it.He looks up to the king and says "O your highness, haven't you put me into enough danger of your liking?""No!"The king shouted.Heracles was now ready to run away because the king was putting to much pressure on him but he decided to do this one last labour."You will have to go into the village of Athens and there you will ask many people about Syprus,the deadliest dragon ever" Said the king Zeus.Now the king was very satisfied that Heracles fullfilled all his demands but he was'nt satisfied with the quantity of labours."This dragon is so fierce that he can eat the lions of the forests and jungles without even trying.He once had eaten the godess Aphrodite but she had escaped with great courage and strength" said the king."And what are the weaknesses of this fierce and dangerous creature you are talking about oh great one"said Heracles."There are none, I'm afraid"said the king slyly."You will have to kill this dragon and flay it.Then you will put your hands amongst it's long and leathery tail and you will feel for a large rectangular box.You will bring this box to me but you shall not open it.This is your final labour and I wish you to fullfill it or else...."the king said nodding."Well I must be heading my way to the village Athen to do my last labour,do you wish me good luck and safety,o great one?"asked Heracles.The king did not say anything for a moment and then shouted out "Go on before I change my mind to something more worse."But there was'nt anything more worse than the Syprus, so if Heracles stayed the king would just have to make up something.Heracles left and made his way to Athen's.When he got there he asked almost all of the working villagers and all of them pointed him to go into the large cave in the North of Athen's.Heracles went North and found a large cave that can fit the whol e world."By the looks of this cave I can see that the one that I've been looking for has been looking for me"siad Heracles.Heracles went into the cave and took out his large club that he had carved and went to explore.

Leadership in Sport Context Essay

Leadership is hard to specifically define, roles and attributes change to adapt to the environment and context needed. George and Jones define leadership as ‘ the exercise of influence by one member of a group or organization over other members to help the group or organization’ (2002,pg. 375). This definition can be broken down with two definitions; Firstly exerting influence over other members and second aiding in a group or organization achieve its goals. ‘Leadership is something everyone would like to claim as a personal attribute, but it is very difficult to get any consensus on quite what it means’. (Weightman, 2004, pg. 129) Many theories and models have been developed to discover different approaches to leadership aiming to identify different traits and characteristics thought needed to be a good leader. In this portfolio I am going to explore different leadership approaches and attributes within the context of sport. Through examples of current lead ers in sport I hope to identify similarities to theoretical evidence. Sport is a disciplined activity that demonstrates a lot of role models for leadership, not just athletes, a lot of jobs within the sport sector include leadership qualities. What makes a leader? The debate between is a leader born or made has opened up a lot of questions to what the attributes of a good leader are. Agreeing that a leader is influential and needs to inspire through organizing change makes us ponder weather traits of a leader are in their personalities or a skill you can acquire over time. Often leaders are associated with having certain personality traits that highlight them as an admirable person. Davis (1972) found the four general traits related to leadership success were: * Intelligence- leaders are found to have high intelligence than their followers * Social Maturity- self-assurance and self- respect and can handle a wide variety of social situations * Achievement drive- found to have a strong drive to get things done * Human- Relations attitudes- leaders know that they rely on other people to get things done, and therefore interested in their team members This traits model focuses on the personality that the leader has on contrast to the job that needs to be done. Agreeing that traits above would aid an individual to take control and lead others in order to influence, further research found the context in what your leading was equally as important. Building on Davis’s model it is important for a leader to be a people person that can withhold authority in a variety of situations, but also with the ability to display their views to a variety of people in intention to influence and inspire. Davis amongst others were previously unsuccessful in showing theoretical evidences that proved common personality traits or qualities. It was soon found more realistic analyses would be to consider the functions a leader demonstrate in order to fulfill his task specific to the context. Sport can be individual or team based but will still involve numerous people. A leadership model discovered in 1982 demonstrates the need of three leadership functions I found present in most sport leaders. These are: the task to be accomplished together, maintaining social cohesion of the group and individual needs of team members. This model shows the three independent functions and how they overlap to form a leadership style that focuses on achieving the outcome of the leader in this case success for a sports team or individual. If the task fails or performed badly, there is diminished satisfaction for the individual and the group tends to fall apart. If the group lacks unity, this will also affect performance. If the individual is discontented, then he or she will not give his or her best performance. This emphasizes the essential of unity of leadership, demonstrating a single action by a leader may influence all areas, and is specific to a sport context. Example Sven- Goran Eriksson- team manager of various football teams (including England) (www.guardian.co.uk) Sven admirable leadership displays most of Davis personality traits alongside achieving success for himself and various teams. Sven’s cosmopolitan background gives him an advantage within a wide audience of players and is well known for his expertise within football. Despite not getting too attached to people, that enforces authority; he creates empathy and trust within all he leads. A strong attribute is his diplomatic approach, he is seen to support and value the work of others. Demonstrating his ability in leading various teams to success he relates to Adair’s model. Maintaining a good cohesion between the team is very important within football but he doesn’t neglect the individual players needs. He implements their opinion into making good decisions for the team as a whole to lead them to success. Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership is best describes a leader who effects followers who are intended to trust, admire and respect. They are known for following and seeing through a personal vision whilst gaining trust of supporters. James Macgregor Burns introduced a concept of transformational leadership in his book Leadership in 1978. He defines ‘leaders and followers make each other to advance to a higher level of moral and motivation. Through the strength of their vision and personality, transformational leaders are able to inspire followers to change expectations, perceptions and motivations to work towards common goals’ (pg. 203, 2012). A sporting example of a transformation leader is Paula Radcliffe. Paula relates heavily to a later theory developed by Bernard M. Bass. Bass’s Transformational Leadership Theory He suggested leadership is defined as the impact it has on followers Burns identified 3 ways in which leaders transform their followers * Increasing their awareness of task importance and value * Getting them to focus first on team of organizational goals, rather than their own interests * Activating there higher-order needs Agreeing that people will follow a person who inspires them. Such individual needs to have a vision and passion and quest to achieve great things. ‘She puts all her energy and time in quest to be the best distance runner in the world’ (www.bbcsport.com) (www.sportsjournalists.co.uk) Yet to win an Olympic medal, all due to injury, she has brought the women’s marathon running to a new level and pushed the limits where no other women have gone. Paula supported many charities, alongside the progression of keen runners during her career. In 2004 she inspired many when joining Jonathan Edwards on an Olympic Special Millionaire, raising  £64,000 for charity. Excluding her physical achievements but she has been recognized for her personality and good sportsmanship through a number of awards. (Taken from my presentation) Ethical Leadership â€Å"Rowe (1997) points out, ethics can be taught in two very different ways. It can be taught using the models of absolute values, or as theologians and philosophers call them ‘ first principles’- That is, the absolute right and wrong ways of doing things. But it can also be taught in terms of how we all have our own way of seeing things. According to this view, values are relative to individuals and the situations in which they find themselves- the right way depends on the context†. Ethics pays an important part in sport for it is the discipline in rules and regulations that gives the entitlement to win and loose competition. Current competition requires a lot of testing prior, during and post competition in order to detect various methods of cheating. Many sports could be seen as unethical due to bad press of officiators, rules and regulations. The importance of ethics in sports defines giving everyone an equal opportunity showing no favouritism or discrimination. Paula highly demonstrates the traits of an ethical leader. Her career has consisted of fighting defend the fair-ness and reputation of the sport. ‘Most athletes were clean and we’re increasing becoming un-happy at the way the sport was being portrayed’ (www.paularadcliffe.com) Proving her ethical leadership qualities I have related Paula to the below model. This model states seven habits that a discovered commonly in ethical leaders. Seven Habits of Strong Ethical Leaders- Stephen R. Covey 1. Strong Personal Character 2. Passion to do right 3. Proactive Behavior 4. Stakeholder interest in mind 5. Recognition of their values as role models 6. Awareness that their decision making should be transparent 7. Holistic view of human beings and firm’s ethical culture Paula’s willingness to stand up for her rights and correct the sport permanently for others, was demonstrated by launched her campaign against ‘drugs in sport’ Despite the amount of drug tests required, it was discovered that the system was not capable of detecting the most effect and abused doping product using in running. She quotes ‘fear is no reason not to do what is right’ (www.paularadcliffe.com) In 2001 at Edmonton she held up a sign saying ‘EPO cheats out’. This was particularly aimed at a competitor that had been tested and found guilty of the blood doping, yet the result was over turned because the French testing authorities did not adhere to IAAF protocol. (www.paularadcliffe.com/gallery/images/08.jpg) Does Gender Effect Leadership? Sport is frequently seen as a masculine dominated sector. â€Å"Sport has been demonstrated to help some women achieve empowerment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Theberge and Birrell, 1994, pg. 147) In all previous leadership theories mentioned none are specific to gender. With this is mind; still women in leadership are found to be in the minority. Fred Fielder recognises the effectiveness of a task should be considered in defining leadership. His Contingency theory of leadership, developed in 1961, focuses on 1) Why in a particular situations, some leaders will be more effective than other leaders even though they have equally good credentials. 2) Why a particular leader may be more effective in one situation and not another â€Å"Although women’s participation has risen, women’s involvement in sport as providers has dropped†. (Sports Council, 1992) The recent rise in women participating sport has lead to success in gaining responsibility in areas of sport such as leadership and coaching. The theory above I find is relevant for it can be used against women who are seen as good leaders just would be put out of context when it comes to sport. An example within sport is an American, Shannon Eastin Shannon Eastin made history by being the first female official in a male dominated sport, relating to fielders theory she was seen out of context for the job and is now recognised for her confidence of breaking the stereotype. Shannon became Inspirational for Women who feel not equal to take part in male orientated sports. (www.chargers.com) David Cotter et al defined four distinctive characteristics in his Glass Ceiling Approach (1988) 1. â€Å"A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial difference that is not explained by other job-relevant characteristics of the employee.† 2. â€Å"A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial difference that is greater at higher levels of an outcome than at lower levels of an outcome. 3. â€Å"A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial inequality in the chances of advancement into higher levels, not merely the proportions of each gender or race currently at those higher levels.† 4. â€Å"A glass ceiling inequality represents a gender or racial inequality that increases over the course of a career.† This approach is commonly used when individuals or groups are stereotyped and therefore seen as unusual or abstract to be breaking these barriers. When successful of breaking the prejudice against them it is seen as breaking through the barrier to the glass celling. Previous women leaders in sport are seen to be very inspirational, they are made to feel not equal to take part in male orientated sports and therefore demonstrate the glass barrier celling approach when they do a lot making history for women in that context. Even though they might break down these barriers they still not be highly respected and followed by all and will be not seen as equal by all. In todays society there are many powerful female role models. An example in sport is Jessica Ennis. Through the 2012 Olympic she demonstrated her talents and perseverance in sport that achieved amazing results. (www.mirror.co.uk) Conclusion In developing my research from the tutorials I have found leaders are adaptable not only to context, but to individuals. People will find different qualities within the same person that they consider being a trait of a leader. â€Å"Even researches often disagree about which characteristics best describe leadership†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (George et Jones, 2005,pg. 275). Theories and Models help display similar characteristics within leaders but shouldn’t be used to define what a leader should be. Transformation and Ethical leaders are very common within sport for they are found to be influential to their public and demonstrate good morals within sport. All the leaders used in this portfolio are respected, followed and successful in completing their task in hand whilst being influential.