Free Essays on Feminist Art - An Introductory Overview

Feminist Art The woman’s art movement/Feminist Art Time Frame = Began late1960’s - 1970’s. Continues to this day. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE MOVEMENT * Social and political protests of the late 1960’s - focussed American society on particular issues. * Vietnam War * Arab oil embargo * Watergate * Erosion/pollution of environment. Environmental groups being established * The sexual revolution * Availability of contraception especially the Pill. * Black civil rights * Gay liberation All these things made people question their values, their value systems and the way in which society operated. Since World War II people were questioning their values. IMPORTANT BOOKS INFLUENCING FEMINIST THOUGHT: The Second Sex The Feminine Mystique - Betty Freedom The Female Eunuch - Germaine Greer The Golden Notebook - Doris Lessing Sexual Politics - Kate Millich MAIN IDEAS The main idea is the personal is political. Traditional histories have ignored women in all aspects. Also that women are portrayed in art from a male point of view. The feminists wanted to acknowledge women of the past that had not been recognised in their time - rediscovered and revamped. Publishing information about these women. For example Marie Curie, a scientist who discovered radium. Challenging the patriarchy - Male dominance and Low Art and high Art. The Feminists challenged the male gaze - females in art are submissive and what men want to see them as. The idea of universal sisterhood - the female experience is unique. The next generation of feminists took a different approach. They used post modernists ideas - pluralism - multiple ideas being right. They looked at the high differences between women and men and issues of race, age and sex. Theories about language - understanding language. Later feminists looked at gender studies. TIMELINE OF EVENTS 1920 - American women got the vot... Free Essays on Feminist Art - An Introductory Overview Free Essays on Feminist Art - An Introductory Overview Feminist Art The woman’s art movement/Feminist Art Time Frame = Began late1960’s - 1970’s. Continues to this day. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THE MOVEMENT * Social and political protests of the late 1960’s - focussed American society on particular issues. * Vietnam War * Arab oil embargo * Watergate * Erosion/pollution of environment. Environmental groups being established * The sexual revolution * Availability of contraception especially the Pill. * Black civil rights * Gay liberation All these things made people question their values, their value systems and the way in which society operated. Since World War II people were questioning their values. IMPORTANT BOOKS INFLUENCING FEMINIST THOUGHT: The Second Sex The Feminine Mystique - Betty Freedom The Female Eunuch - Germaine Greer The Golden Notebook - Doris Lessing Sexual Politics - Kate Millich MAIN IDEAS The main idea is the personal is political. Traditional histories have ignored women in all aspects. Also that women are portrayed in art from a male point of view. The feminists wanted to acknowledge women of the past that had not been recognised in their time - rediscovered and revamped. Publishing information about these women. For example Marie Curie, a scientist who discovered radium. Challenging the patriarchy - Male dominance and Low Art and high Art. The Feminists challenged the male gaze - females in art are submissive and what men want to see them as. The idea of universal sisterhood - the female experience is unique. The next generation of feminists took a different approach. They used post modernists ideas - pluralism - multiple ideas being right. They looked at the high differences between women and men and issues of race, age and sex. Theories about language - understanding language. Later feminists looked at gender studies. TIMELINE OF EVENTS 1920 - American women got the vot...

Trademarked Words

Trademarked Words Trademarked Words Trademarked Words By Maeve Maddox In a recent post, Dont Do Due Diligence, I used the word Realtor as if it were a generic word for real estate agent: Not so very long ago, the only people I heard talk about â€Å"due diligence† were realtors. I should have caught myself on that. Realtor–with a capital–is the legally recognized trademark of the National Association of Realtors. The correct use of the word is to refer to members of the Association and not to real estate agents in general. As tends to happen with clever commercial coinages, Realtor is being pulled toward generic use because it strikes speakers as an apt and concise substitute for the longer term, real estate agent. I have a feeling that general usage will eventually claim Realtor as it has so many similar inventions, but as a professional writer, I can be expected to observe the conventions. Apologies for my lapse, therefore, are due the NAR. Here is a list of other trademarked words that many English speakers use generically. Each term is followed by a suggested alternative and the name of the trademarks owner. The list is by no means exhaustive. AstroTurf (artificial turf) Monsanto Band-Aid (adhesive bandage) Johnson Johnson Bubble Wrap (inflated cushioning for packaging) Sealed Air ChapStick (lip balm) Wyeth Consumer Healthcare Clorox (bleach) Clorox Company Coke (soft drink) Coca-Cola Company Crayola (crayon) Binney Smith Company Crescent Wrench (adjustable wrench) Crescent Tool Company Crock-Pot (slow cooker) Sunbeam Products Cuisinart (food processor) Conair Dumpster (front loader waste container) Dempster Brothers, Inc. Fiberglas (glass wool) Owens Corning Formica (wood or plastic laminate) Formica Corporation/Fletcher Building Freon (refrigerant) Dupont Frisbee (flying disk) Wham-O Google (Web search engine) Google Inc. Jacuzzi (hot tub/whirlpool bath) Jacuzzi Jeep (compact sport utility vehicle) Chrysler Kitty Litter (litter box filler) Ralston Purina Kleenex (facial tissue) Kimberly-Clark Memory Stick (flash memory storage device) Sony Ping Pong (table tennis) Parker Brothers Popsicle (flavored ice treat) Good Humor-Breyers Post-it (sticky note) 3M Q-Tips (cotton swabs) Unilever Scotch tape (clear adhesive tape) 3M Sharpie (permanent marker) Newell Rubbermaid Styrofoam (extruded polystyrene foam) Dow Chemical Company Super Glue (Cyanoacrylate adhesive) Super Glue Corporation Tarmack (asphalt road surface) Tarmac Taser (stun gun) Taser International Teflon (non-stick coating) Dupont The purpose in trademarking a name is to prevent it from being used to describe a similar product made by another manufacturer. If a permanent marker is a Sharpie, call it that; otherwise, call it a permanent marker. And when you use any of these terms, be sure to capitalize them and use hyphens or camel case as appropriate. Note: Camel case is the practice of writing compound words or phrases in a combination of capital and lowercase letters. For example: AstroTurf, ChapStick, iPhone, PowerPoint. Related post: Factoid and Tabloid Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)What Is the Meaning of "Hack?"

New Zealand Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New Zealand Politics - Essay Example 457). There can never be a given party dare to jeopardy proceeding to determining election ahead of utilising political marketing tolls with the intention of understanding the New Zealand citizens and have a competitive advantage (Lees-Marshment, 2009). The politicians utilize all pre-elections strategies available, they rebrand themselves; they exploit e-marketing services, conduct research on their opponents and do multiple direct campaigns. In the 2008 election campaigns, the political parties utilised most of these tools, which is no different in 2014. The political parties are relying on all their supporters to vote for them in the coming elections. The Electoral Act of 1993 provides for and governs the present electoral system in New Zealand. New Zealand is a monarchy under the constitution. The Head of State is her majesty Elizabeth II Queen of England for the modelling of the government is adopts British parliamentary system. This is state has a prime minister who heads the opposition and a resident governor general representative of the British monarch. The parliament is New Zealand’s House of Representatives. The prime ministers and the ministers of the crown make up the cabinet. Cabinet members are the members of parliament. New Zealand is a representative democracy and its members of parliament their election is in every three years in the general elections, which are free and fair. Democracy entails fair and periodic elections. The state’s next universal elections will be on 20th September 2014. All the citizens and permanent residents of at least eighteen years old ought to register as voters though not obligatory for them to vote. Nevertheless, the voter turnout in this state is quite high when com pared to other countries (Immigration, 2014). According to Hillman (2009, p.472), â€Å"People may refrain from voting because they think that the probability of their

Quantitative Methods Individual work2 wk2 Assignment

Quantitative Methods Individual work2 wk2 - Assignment Example She has beat her opponent with a battling average of 0.03 hits/at-bat My criteria for choosing the best player would be based on the batting average of the player. The right player for the scholarship is the one that has the highest batting average. The best player averagely will be Fran Hayes with a battling average of 5.66 hits/at-bat whereas her opponent Millie Marshall had an average of 5.59 hits/at-bat. This makes the analysis choose on Fran Hayes is the best player. She has the biggest overall hits/at-bat and, therefore, deserves the opportunity. However, a factor that must be incorporated in this analysis is that Millie Marshall did not win, but she records the highest hits/at-bat during her senior years than Fran Hayes. She is victorious because of the total battling average of her junior and senior years. Millie Marshall would have been given the scholarship if it were based on observing the current trend in hits/at-bat. She records the highest battle hits /at –bat and, therefore, the current softball team would rely on her to a great extent. If the analysis were focused on selecting a player based on the battling average of her junior years, then the best player in this context would still be Fran Hayes. This is because she records the highest batting average during her junior years. She has a battling average of 3hits/at-bat compared to her competitor who has 2.66 hits/at-bat. The range at which she beats her competitor is 0.34 which is a slightly significant margin. She was good during her junior years, however currently her competitor only beats her by a very narrow margin of 0.03 which is a slight margin. The selection of Fran Hayes as the suitable candidate for the scholarship is still rational and superb. Fran Hayes had a good start of the game during her junior years. She seemed to have gotten a better foundation and learnt the game much faster than her competitor. This is because her batting average during the junior years was very

Hurt people Essay Example for Free

Hurt people Essay In this paper, the work of Dr. Sandra Wilson (2001) will be looked at from the perspective of obtaining a comprehensive personal theory of counseling. Wilson draws on many years of counseling experience and has developed a simple yet profound concept that hurt people, hurt people. In this theory, Wilson describes how a person is wounded early on in life and how those hurts translates into a continual wounded adult life if not properly addressed. The paper will give a brief summary of the Wilson’s theory, point out some strengths that this theory presents along with weaknesses. Lastly, this paper will draw on personal experience from the author that connects with the content of Wilson’s theory and makes appropriate applications for further counseling practice. ? WILSON CRITIQUE ! 3 Introduction Dr. Sandra Wilson (2001) presents a very helpful and unique theory for the Christian counselor in her book, Hurt People Hurt People. This theory critique paper will introduce, unlike other theories that have been discussed, the crucial role that temporal systems play in the development of a person’s health, illness, and personality (Slide Presentation, COUN 507 B08 LUO, Week 1, Slide 2). Wilson (2001) argues that hurts and wounds that originate in childhood are the primary driving force for why a person hurts other people later on in adulthood. Summary Wilson (2001) begins her theory on why hurt people hurt people by conveying that a person’s childhood, no matter how good or loving it was, experiences some type or level of hurt (Wilson, 2001). This exploration into the childhood stage of a person’s life shows that the messages a child receives during that stage can determine the trends of one’s actions in adulthood (Wilson 2001). In essence the sum of an adult’s hurtful actions can be explained by the choices that the child made in response to the hurtful environment in which they lived (Wilson, 2001, pg. 86). This cornerstone concept stems out of Wilson’s (2001) theory of why hurt people hurt people. Wilson (2001) describes three questions that children must not only answer but by which their answers lead to the choices they make in life. First a child is asking, â€Å"Can I be safe in the environment I am in and the predominate relationships around me? † Children will make choices in their daily lives to manage how to obtain a sense of stability and meet basic needs (Wilson, 2001, pg. 74). Next, children ask the question, â€Å"Can I convey and show my true self to WILSON CRITIQUE ! 4 those around me? † (Wilson, 2001, pg. 75). This boils down to the child’s identity and desire to know if their needs and emotions are able to be met through the expression of their true nature. Lastly, children ask, â€Å"Can I be accepted in a relationally by those around me? † In this question, children learn to accept themselves or not by the quality of the how their parents accept or don’t accept them for who they are. Wilson (2001) concludes that what is uniquely powerful in this dynamic is that children believe they are freely making their choices when in fact they have very little option in the process (Wilson, 2001, pg. 82). Wilson (2001) finds that where a child questions has dramatic and adult-changing effect due to a perception we have about God. Wilson states that children from a general sense think of God as an exaggerated parent? This perception of God as an exaggerated parent explains how the choices that children make based on the above stated questions that children ask have an effect in adult life. So for example, if a child is raised in a stable home and feels loved, accepted and able to be themselves, they will generally view God as someone who has the same inclination. Weaknesses and Strengths Wilson (2001) presents many strengths in her theory of hurt people, hurt people. One of the strengths is her ability to communicate the motivation for why individuals behave in hurtful ways to one another. She relates that the messages that children receive from their parents in good and bad instances are then acted upon to protect and defend safety, stability, and their sense of image. These choices which continue on into adulthood come out in an unhealthy way of WILSON CRITIQUE ! 5 relating to one other (Wilson, 2001). Wilson’s approach is centered on the past of the individual where a majority of these choices have their beginning. Another strength of Wilson is her ability to define the role of temporal systems in the development of personality. She makes a case that what we live through and how we change as result of the environment ultimately determines what we become, which can have positive or negative consequences (Wilson, 2001, pg. 86). Wilson creates a helpful map for understanding from a general perspective how someone might change from the temporal systems in which they live. By describing this particular map, Wilson helps the counselor and/or counselee trace their steps back to understand the origins of the choices made. At the end of the map, Wilson purposes that the family system, the schools system, or other cultural systems are potential reasons for what motivates hurtful behavior. One weakness to point out from Wilson’s theory is the fact she focus predominately on the past. Wilson does not look into other explanations for motivation other than centering her theory around the parent’s effect on the child. Though she does talk on a few points about the Lord’s role in how a person goes about changing in to a healthy adult  , the majority of Wilson’s synthesis for why someone may hurt others or take a defensive stance toward another person centers less on biblical principles and more on her year of experience in the counseling field. Though this can’t be considered a true hard and fast weakness, I would have expected her to undergird this prominent part of process with scriptural references. WILSON CRITIQUE ! 6 Personal Reflection I agree with Wilson’s theory of why hurt people hurt people, mainly because I personally relate. When I read her theory, and think of my own personal childhood, I can very much see where some of my own behaviors have come out of thoughts and choices I made to protect my own feelings and acceptance. As I look back at my own past relations with my dad and how that has dramatically effected me in some negative areas, I recall the main challenge that Wilson describes we have to face and overcome is our distorted view of God (Wilson, 2001, pg. 188). As I have thought through what my dad has communicated to me about who God is, I realize more and more how much more of a journey I have in knowing God truly. It would seem that one of the greatest tasks that we as counselors have is the stewardship of the truth of revealing who God is. If what Wilson has described is on point, and I think it is, then how we as counselors accurately and efficaciously communicate the truth of the person of God to hurting people is paramount to the transformation. One method that Wilson described in her book for helping counselees is how introducing new choices and consistently enacting those choices can produce change? Through the counseling process, I would want to identify what was the pathway or map for the distorted view of God and how that distorted view has shaped the actions of the person. I would then introduce the simple truth of what the counselee doesn’t know into the the realm of the known. Wilson makes a great point that the counselee wont know they can change until they know what they have chosen (Wilson, 2001, pg. 88). I think this can be a powerful tool in the tool belt of counseling because it is the power truth that will ultimately set the person free to heal from the wounds that they are experiencing.

Phantom of the Opera Essay -- essays research papers

Phantom of the Opera   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel, Phantom of the Opera, by Gaston Leroux, we are introduced to a character known to everyone as the mysterious Opera Ghost. His character in this book is very complex. Although the Opera Ghost is very ugly physically and mentally, through his actions, we can find much beauty.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the masked ball we are given, what the reader believes at the time, a very good physical description of the Opera Ghost. At the masked ball the Opera Ghost does a perfect job imitating death. â€Å"The Grim Reaper himself must have posed for it,† the on looking crowd would comment. But the hideous thing that he wears upon his head is, in fact, only a mask. What he hides underneath the mask is more wretched than anything imaginable to men. The Opera Ghost was, â€Å"Made up entirely of death,†(138). He was so disgustingly ugly that, â€Å"his mother would never let him kiss her, she would throw his mask at him and run away,†(263). Poor Erik’s life knows nothing but ugliness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We see more of the Opera Ghost’s ugliness when we read of the Persians description of the Opera Ghost’s love of torture. Before the Opera, Erik designs torture chambers for a little sultana in Persia. His design was just a small room with six walls, with each wall being a mirror. There is also a tree with a Punjab Lasso. The Opera Ghost’s idea of torture was not so much physical pain, but a tortur...

English Essay Creative Writing – Bullying

English Writing Dear Diary I am standing alone in a lake. The water is still, and there is no one with me – nothing containing any life†¦ and yet I still feel like something is observing me. I can’t hear anything or see through the thick blanket of fog that carries an air of melancholy across the marsh. I am standing alone in a lake. Until I open my eyes. Tranquillity leaves me and I am transported to a place where there is no adequation; where hierarchy takes over and all beings abide by it. If you enter this place and you begin the journey deficiently, you will never be accepted into this complex community they call school.Date I gasped for air between sobs. Tears from my wide, moistened eyes streamed unchecked down my pale cheeks. The tears tasted brackish to my lips, with a meaning tint of bitterness in them: bitterness that I felt and enjoin to the others for putting me in such a base and pitiful condition as I was in that day; or always, for that matter. Tear s blinded my eyes as a reinvigorated surge of despair swept me. A muffled groan of grief arose in my throat, and my head throbbed with pain. But I kept silent, because I had learned to do so now.The way I have learnt to adjust to my surroundings in this alien, hostile school, and had learnt to accept countless jeers and merciless teasing from the people around me. I sat staring deeply at the engraved graffiti, each letter giving a fierce image. â€Å"Must die†. They had warned it was going to be bad, although I never expected this. I never was a strong person. If only I had the courage to stand up and stop this. Date My spirit broke with the dawn. I opened my eyes to a new day full of potential – nonetheless, the desolation of yesterday was still lodged within: the thought of facing another day was abhorrent to me.I yearned for the day when I could leap out into the world with a beaming smile spread wide across my glowing face, prepared for what opportunities the day w ould offer. Regrettably, there would be no such energy for me today, or any other day for that matter. This day, just as any other, I tore myself away from the only place on earth I could feel marginally safe, to trudge to the haunt of my tormentors. I knew without a single doubt that there was not even a semblance of the most miniscule of smiles on my face but that I did, in fact, bear the dejected expression of a prisoner as he ambles towards the gallows.Scuttling innocently through the twisting corridors I bore the same expression; head down, shoulders hunched, avoiding any eye contact – my desperate attempts to deter the despot for one day at least. Despite my efforts, there was no escape, as seemingly within the second of having that naively optimistic thought, a cruel, callous voice demanded I surrender my broach. Fear spiked, as it always did, but with it came something else, an alien emotion †¦ Looking back now, I see that it must have been the cumulative effect of months of torment that brought me to the realisation that at this point I had reached the nadir of my life.Deriding cackles pierced my ears and this time I recognised the emotion, fury. It burned through my veins, along with the memories of the past to form a feeling of overwhelming power. I met the daggers that would usually invoke terror, and calmly, I said â€Å"No. † Date With my newfound sense of worth – the desire to exact some kind of revenge for being so subjugated was inexplicably tempting. Though some say that by forgiving we become virtuous, was it not Shakespeare himself who said, â€Å"If you wrong us, shall we not revenge? †

Black Tuesday and the Great Depression

As the American economy is presently dealing with a heavy recession, I deemed it appropriate to choose the Great Depression and the Stock Market Crash of 1929 as the topic for my research paper. The Great Depression was a 10 year period of suffering in the United States from 1929 to 1939, also majorly affecting the rest of North America, Europe and other industrialized areas across the globe, caused by many different events and choices. In early 1929, as the New Era neared its calamitous end, America was the richest nation in the world; the richest in all history.America’s 122 million people had more real wealth and real income, both per person and in total, than the people of any other country (Chandler, 1970). General observations of the stock market frequently discussed were of the high stock prices, and speculations were made about what would happen in the late 1920s. Were the stocks generally too high? Or was this a new level for the stock market? October 29, 1929, otherw ise known as Black Tuesday, gave a precise answer to these questions with the crash of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the start of the Great Depression in America, quickly to spread across the globe.The Great Depression is often said to demonstrate the instability of market economics and the need for government oversight and direction (Smiley, 2002). The stock prices were far too high, which quickly caused the bloated stock market to crash, resulting in dynamic losses for the entire American economy. Stocks had risen to uncommonly high levels which had not been explored before, but occurred regularly throughout the late 1920s. These high prices marked the peak for stocks in September of 1929 just before the market began to drop drastically.The Times estimated the loss for Black Tuesday at between $8 and $9 billion (Harold Bierman, 1998), with the overall loss at a much higher price than that. In reality, the major causes of the Stock Market Crash were because of actions take n and decisions made during the Roaring Twenties. However, the Great Depression did not occur simply because of one cause. It was a combination of easy credit, unequal distribution of wealth between the classes, the Stock Market Crash, and many more rising tribulations.The Roaring Twenties were a time of liberal and progressive ideas which included new technologies and goods resulting in an increase of the monetary prosperity within the economy. There was Henry Ford’s development of the moving assembly line, and new industries and inventions in chemicals, aviation, and electronics. By 1929, the United States were producing over 40% of the world’s manufactured goods (Foner, 2008). The automobile was the backbone of the prosperous economic growth.Henry Ford’s inexpensive Model T, with its ability to be mass produced was very significant, seeing that throughout the 1920s, automobile production tripled from 1. 5 to 4. 8 million. Charles Lindbergh flew the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927, and the nation’s total income rose from $74. 3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929, along with many other prosperous events (Gusmorino). Even though there were these numerous new expansions that increased the standard of living in the United States, there was a good portion of the economy that remained in poverty and was not able to prosper like the rest of the country.Farmers’ incomes continually declined, which forced many banks to foreclose tens of thousands of farms because owners were not able to pay the mortgage. Also, the majority of families had no savings because everything was bought on easy credit, which would drastically hurt them when the stock market collapsed in 1929. Many goods in the 1920s were commonly purchased on credit through a new type of payment plan, otherwise known as â€Å"buy now, pay later. An interesting fact is that while Calvin Coolidge was in the White House, Herbert Hoover had been warning since 1925 against the use of credit in the market. Coolidge, instead of speaking out against stock market speculation, insisted in March 1929 as he left office, that U. S. prosperity was absolutely sound and that stocks were cheap at current prices (White, 1996). It turns out Hoover had been correct, which most likely had an effect on Hoover getting elected as President after Coolidge. The stock market crash did not, by itself, cause the Depression.There had been signs of economic trouble throughout the decade, with the highly unequal distribution of income and the prolonged depression in farm regions, which resulted in reduced American purchasing power (Foner, 2008). Through the period of imbalance between the earnings and spending of the different classes of families, the only two things the United States could rely on to keep the economy at the same level was credit sales and luxury spending and investment from the wealthy (Gusmorino). The quick collapse of the worldwide economy was dreadf ul and to most, unpredictable. Around 26,000 businesses failed in 1930.Throughout the industrial world, millions of families lost their life savings; depositors immediately withdrew money from the banks because they were worried that they could no longer count on the promise to redeem paper money in gold (Foner, 2008). This was true because the global financial system in this time in history was based on the gold standard, and ill-equipped to deal with the downturn. Four-fifths of the Rockefeller family fortune disappeared; General Motors stock fell from $73 to $8 and U. S. Steel stock fell from $262 to $22, while U. S. Steel, who had 225,000 full-time workers in 1929 had none at the end of 1932 (Foner, 2008).By 1933, 11,000 of the United States’ 25,000 banks had failed (Nelson). Unemployment grew to five million people in 1930 and then up to 13 million by 1932. Hundreds of thousands of Americans roamed the country in search of food, shelter, and work; at least 13 million mem bers of the labor force who were able and willing to work were entirely unemployed, and millions more were only partially employed (Chandler, 1970). The future was masked in plain uncertainty. Over the course of the first few years of the Depression, President Herbert Hoover was thought by many Americans that his response to the Depression was uncaring and inadequate.Nevertheless, the federal government had never faced an economic crisis as severe as the Great Depression, so you can’t blame the political leaders for not knowing exactly what to do in that situation. Hoover remained strongly opposed to direct federal intervention in the economy, and constantly made public statements to aim for higher public confidence, but all it did was make him progressively more out of touch with what was really happening in the country (Foner, 2008). Hoover’s administration’s response was very ineffective, and forced American freedom to be redefined during the 1930s once he le ft office with Franklin D.Roosevelt’s election in 1932. Franklin D. Roosevelt came to be beloved as the symbolic representative of ordinary citizens, which was strongly needed in America at that time. I’m sure this was part the reason he was President for three straight terms and was able to lead the United States out of the Great Depression. One of the best things Roosevelt did when entering his Presidency was to include as many intellectuals and social workers in key positions in his administration with decisions about what should be done to deal with the Depression.He introduced a number of new changes in hopes that it would increase the structure of the American economy by using increased government regulation and massive public-works projects to hopefully promote a recovery (Nelson). Unfortunately, these changes did not help much at all, except for a key move by Roosevelt to take the United States off the gold standard. He also established the Federal Deposit Insu rance Corporation (FDIC), which insured the accounts of individual depositors.By severing the link between the country’s currency and its gold reserves, he made is possible to issue more money in the hope of stimulating business activity; these two measures rescued the financial system and greatly increased the government’s power over it. To show an example of how positive it was, not a single bank failed in the United States in 1936 (Foner, 2008). Franklin Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† was created to help the American public believe that greater regulation would solve many of the country’s problems.The National Recovery Administration (NRA) was established in 1933 along with the National Industrial Recovery Act, which would work with groups of business leaders to establish industry codes to set standards for output, prices, and working conditions. FDR believed that the idea of liberty should be brought back in order to encourage economic activity an d ensure a fair distribution of wealth, and was welcomed immediately. In spite of this, the NRA was declared unconstitutional in 1935, and never produced economic recovery or peace between employers and workers (Nelson).In March 1933, Congress established the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), which set unemployed young men to work on projects such as forest flood control and many other jobs outside in nature and the wildlife. The young men’s ages ranged from 18-25; by the time the program ended in 1942, over 3 million young men had participated in the projects where they received government wages of $30 a month (Foner, 2008). In 1935, Congress passed the National Labor Relations Act which gave workers the right to bargain through unions of their choice and gave clear labor practices (Nelson).A policy that took place during the first three months of Roosevelt’s administration, otherwise known as the â€Å"Hundred Days,† was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) in 1933. Roosevelt moved to bring agriculture under the federal umbrella, and to have farm subsidies and production controls be protected under the AAA (Scaliger). The AAA made the federal government attempt to raise farm prices by setting production quotas for major crops and by paying farmers to plant less (Foner, 2008).This was very effective in providing economic relief for farmers; especially since farmers had been having serious problems for years before the Great Depression began in 1929. Even though not all farmers benefited from this act, it was able to raise farm prices and incomes for many, which opened up a way for farmers to begin receiving benefits once again. Unfortunately, the period of unusually dry weather, otherwise known as the Dust Bowl, in the Great Plains caused some serious problems for the AAA, farmers, and rural America.The Dust Bowl occurred mainly from 1935-1938 in the areas of Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, and Colorado. The region suffered a very severe droug ht, the most severe of the century. Wind and dust storms blew most of the soil away, which resulted in crops being destroyed, cars and machinery being ruined, and people and animals dying and being harmed in general. The drought and dust storms displaced more than 1 million farmers and American citizens, in addition to forcing them to leave the Great Plains and head west, or anywhere they could go where these high winds and droughts were not occurring.Even though the AAA was generally successful, it was deserted in 1936 when it was ruled an unconstitutional exercise of congressional power over local economic activities. The Depression also devastated the American housing industry, but the establishment of the Home Owners Loan Corporation and the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) helped insure millions of long-term mortgages issued by private banks (Foner, 2008). Home ownership now became possible for tens of millions of American families, and more opportunities began to arise.Roo sevelt’s First New Deal came to a halt after having many both successful and non-successful experiments, along with being unable to pull the United States out of the Depression. Afterward in 1935, Franklin D. Roosevelt launched the Second New Deal for the reason that he was stimulated by the failure of his First New Deal to pull the country out of the Depression. The First New Deal had focused on economic recovery; the weight of the Second was on economic security, where Americans would be protected against unemployment and poverty (Foner, 2008).In 1935, Congress and Roosevelt attacked the problem of weak demand and economic inequality by levying a highly publicized tax on large fortunes and corporate profits which ended up creating the Rural Electrification Agency (REA). The purpose of the REA was to bring electric power to homes that lacked it, and proved to be one of the Second New Deal’s most successful programs. FDR then approved the establishment of the Works Pro gress Administration (WPA), which hired countless Americans every year until it ended in 1943.The attempt was to provide work instead of welfare; buildings, roads, schools, airports, bridges, stadiums, swimming pools, and sewage treatment plants were built across the United States. On top of all this, Congress created the National Youth Administration in 1935 which was set to provide much needed relief for teenagers and young adults who were unemployed. The centerpiece of the Second New Deal was the Social Security Act of 1935. This act created a system to provide unemployment insurance, old age pensions, and aid to the disabled, the elderly poor, and families with dependent children (Foner, 2008).Social Security, along with these many other actions taken by Congress during the Second New Deal showed a great deal of promise for the American people in hopes to soon rise out of the Depression. Roosevelt was the also first president to make effective use of the radio to promote his pol icies. He won a landslide victory against Alfred M. Landon in 1936 to become President for a second term in a row even though some critics believed the expansion of government functions would undermine the liberties of the people.President Roosevelt insisted to these critics that his measures to increase an economic well-being would strengthen liberty and democracy (Nelson). He reminded the American people on a radio address in 1938 that: Democracy has disappeared in several other great nations, not because the people of those nations disliked democracy, but because they had grown tired of unemployment and insecurity, of seeing their children hungry while they sat helpless in the face of government confusion and government weakness through lack of leadership†¦.Finally, in desperation, they chose to sacrifice liberty in the hope of getting something to eat. We in America know that our democratic institutions can be preserved and made to work. But in order to preserve them we nee d†¦ to prove that the practical operation of democratic government is equal to the task of protecting the security of the people†¦. The people of America are in agreement in defending their liberties at any cost, and the first line of the defense lies in the protection of economic security. (Nelson)Toward the end of the 1930s, tension began building between Japan and the United States while the war in Europe had started, and the United States had joined Canada in a Mutual Board of Defense. At this point, the American economy was still in distress, with Roosevelt getting elected once again in 1940. FDR was the president for the third term in a row for the first and only time in U. S. history. During 1941, the United States had become more and more closely allied with those fighting Germany and Japan. FDR declared that, â€Å"America would be the great arsenal of democracy† (Foner, 2008).Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the U. S. , which halted virtually all trade b etween the countries. In retaliation, Japan involved the United States in World War II when Japanese planes bombed the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941. This resulted in the destruction of 19 ships (including five battleships), about 150 planes, and the deaths of more than 2,300 soldiers, sailors, and civilians. The following day the United States declared war with Japan; three days later Germany and Italy declared war on the United States.Less than a month later, President Roosevelt announced that the upcoming year would deliver 60,000 planes, 45,000 tanks, 20,000 antiaircraft guns and 18 million deadweight tons of merchant shipping to help fight the war (Nelson). The United States entry into WWII also brought many new jobs and opportunities for Americans, such as working in areas of mass production of weapons and manufacturing, along with joining the United States’ Army, which helped turn the economy around even though the country was at war.In the l ong run, freedom, not government, is the best cure for economic crises; the American Great Depression fostered from start to finish by our own federal government, with the help of wily bankers and financiers (Scaliger). A depression occurs when something disrupts the free market system so that resource owners and consumers cannot accurately identify and respond to change. The recovery during the Great Depression shook the faith of many people, took many changes in the role of the federal government, and in more ways than one, created the conditions that led to World War II (Smiley, 2002).In reality, there is no reason to believe that recessions will not continue to occur in the United States, just like the recession we are currently in as Americans. Luckily, we do have reason to believe that we now have the knowledge, instruments, and national will to prevent recessions from developing into deep and prolonged depressions (Chandler, 1970). The Great Depression of the 1930s was a worl dwide phenomenon composed of an infinte number of separate but related events. The Great Depression was a terrible time in America, lasting for more than ten years, and forced millions of people out of jobs, homes and life.I believe it may have been necessary to have a depression like the Great Depression at some point in history so we know what not to do if the time were unlucky enough to come; but since it did take place, we can today have more high hopes about the future. Some people question today in 2008 if this is a repeat of 1929 or 1930, but we are not even close to the terrific economic turmoil that took place back in the 1930s, and I am thankful for that. Nobody in their right mind should ever desire an event as tragic as the Great Depression to ever transpire again.Works Cited Anonymous. (n. d. ). Finance And Economics: 1929 and all that; Echoes of the Depression. Retrieved October 19, 2008, from ProQuest: http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=1566742201&sid=8&Fmt=3&clien tId=5046&RQT=309&VName=PQD Chandler, L. V. (1970). America's Greatest Depression 1929-1941. New York: Harper ; Row. Foner, E. (2008). Give Me Liberty! An American History. New York: W. W. Norton ; Company, Inc. Garraty, J. A. (1987). The Great Depression. New York: Anchor Books. Harold Bierman, J. (1998). The Causes of the 1929 Stock Market Crash. Westport: Greenwood Press. (Gusmorino), P. A. (n. d. ). Main Causes of the Great Depression. Retrieved October 18, 2008, from (Gusmorino) World: http://www. (Gusmorino). com/pag3/greatdepression/ Nelson, C. (n. d. ). The Depression in the United States- An Overview. Retrieved October 19, 2008, from Modern American Poetry: http://www. english. uiuc. edu/maps/depression/overview. htm Scaliger, C. (n. d. ). The Great Depression. Retrieved October 19, 2008, from ProQuest: http://proquest. umi. com/pqdweb? did=1504859451;sid=8;Fmt=3;clientId=5046;RQT=309;VName=PQD Smiley, G. (2002). Rethinking The Great Depression. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee. Wigmore , B. A. (1985). The Crash and Its Aftermath. Westport: Greenwood Press.

Speech on Air Pollution Essay Example

Speech on Air Pollution Essay Example Speech on Air Pollution Paper Speech on Air Pollution Paper Essay Topic: Air pollution Water pollution Therefore, ozone is at its peak during hot summer days. Exposure to high levels of ozone can have serious consequences on your health. It can cause respiratory disease, loss of pulmonary elasticity, and premature aging of our lungs. Next, is acid rain, which OCCUrs in the atmosphere in the form Of sulfur and nitrogen oxide. These pollutants can have serious damaging affects on aquatic, forest and wildlife ecosystems, as well as deterioration of buildings. Carbon monoxide is another form of pollution. It reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen. If a human is exposed to higher levels, it can cause chest pains, angina attacks or even death. Coal-burning power plants and motor vehicles are among the largest contributors to air pollution. Around 70% of the carbon monoxide found in the Northeast comes from cars. They also are the biggest source of hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions which help form ozone. Acid rain deposits are found in fossil fuels emitted from utility and industrial sources. The power plants that were built before the 1 977 Clean Air Act did not have to comply because they were supposed to be phased out eventually. Many are still operating today, releasing much more pollution than modern plants. 97 percent of the acid rain and haze-causing sulfur dioxide, 85 percent of the ozone smog-causing nitrogen oxide, and 99 percent of the toxic mercury pollution come from the utility sector. Unfortunately, these pollutants can be carried in the atmosphere by weather systems. Thus, they can travel for hundreds of miles causing damage as they go. Acid deposits in the soil can have devastating affects in the forest. It gradually causes the loss of plant nutrients, calcium and magnesium. This leads to dying off of trees in the forest. Also, acid deposits in lakes and streams have led to a drop in fish production. Mercury is another source of pollution which can be harmful to humans and wildlife. It comes from the emissions of coal-burning power plants and is deposited into the air and water. This chemical damages the nervous system, and has a detrimental affect on reproduction and prenatal development. Greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide and methane, absorb energy radiated by the Earth and then send it back into our atmosphere as heat. This is called the greenhouse effect. During the last century, with the increased use of fuels, the levels of these gases have increased dramatically. The result has been an increase in the Earths temperature causing ice masses to melt and sea levels to rise. Coastal flooding in some areas and droughts in others have affected plant and animal life. Changes in climates have also occurred which affects wildlife and ecosystems. In my opinion, air pollution can and is having a devastating affect on the entire planet. We have already seen some of its affects. Forests are shrinking, some types of exotic plant and wildlife have become endangered or even extinct. We all need to work together to make sure that regulations are upheld. We must become the watchdogs and enforcers so that air pollution does not win and rob us of our future generations. Here in the Northeast, states are working together to find ways to reduce pollution. They have established programs to regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants. Federal standards, such as the sasss Clean Air Act, have been implemented which states must comply with.

Three Review Exercises in Subject-Verb Agreement

Three Review Exercises in Subject-Verb Agreement These three review exercises will give you practice in applying the rules of subject-verb agreement. After you have completed each exercise, compare your responses with the answers. Agreement Exercise A For each pair of sentences below, write out the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Keep to the present tense, and be guided by our four tips for agreement and our three special cases.1. Do you know how to play bocce? The game (do) not require any special athletic abilities.2. There is a new bocce league at the recreational center. There (be) several teams in the league.3. I have a new set of bocce balls. My friend (have) a new pallino ball.4. Bocce is a game for people of all ages. I (be) going to show you how to play.5. The players take turns rolling a ball down the court. Each of the players [take] one ball and aims for the pallino.6. We try to get our balls as close to the pallino as possible. Rick often (try) to bounce his ball off the side of the court.7. Nobody enjoys playing bocce more than I do. Everybody who plays bocce (enjoy) the game.8. There are four players on each team. There (be) a tournament at the end of the season.9. The winners of the tournament carry home a trophy. Everyone (carry) home good memories.10. I am ready to play a game now. You and your friends (be) welcome to join us. Agreement Exercise B For each pair of sentences below, write out the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Keep to the present tense, and be guided by our four tips for agreement and our three special cases.1. Both candidates oppose increased defense spending. Neither of the two candidates (oppose) the war in Iraq.2. Not one of these cell phones belongs to me. One of the phones (belong) to Merdine.3. Most students take all of their classes in the morning. Nobody (take) classes after 2:00.4. One of my hobbies is collecting shopping bags. My hobbies (be) unusual.5. Gus and Merdine want a trial separation. Neither one (want) to move out of the apartment.6. Neither of the players admits that he made an error. Both players (admit) that somebody made a mistake.7. Both the manager and her assistant have been fired. Neither the manager nor her assistant (have) been notified.8. Where is your little brother? Several pages from my journal (be) missing.9. Professor Legree often goes for long walks in the rain. Th e lights in his house (go) on at midnight. 10. The students in the back of the room play poker during breaks. The student who sits next to the refreshments (play) solitaire. Agreement Exercise C In the following paragraph, identify the six errors in subject-verb agreement. According to legend, Santa Claus is a fat old man who visits every house on our planet in about eight hours on one of the coldest nights of the year. Santa, as everybody knows, stop for a glass of milk and a cookie at each house along the route. He prefer to work unnoticed, so he wears a luminous red suit and travels with a pack of bell-jangling reindeer. For reasons that most people does not understand, this jolly old man enters each house not by the front door but through the chimney (whether you has a chimney or not). He customarily gives generously to children in wealthy families, and he usually remind poorer children that its the thought that counts. Santa Claus is one of the earliest beliefs that parents try to instill in their children. After this absurdity, its a wonder that any child ever believe in anything again. Answers to Exercise A (1) does; (2) are; (3) has; (4) am; (5) takes; (6) tries; (7) enjoys; (8) is; (9) carries; (10) are. Answers to Exercise B (1) oppose; (2) belongs; (3) takes; (4) are; (5) wants; (7) has; (8) are; (9) go; (10) plays. Answers to Exercise C (1) Change stop for a glass to stops  for a glass; (2) change prefer to work to prefers  to work; (3) change people does not understand to people  do  not understand; (4) change you has a chimney to you  have  a chimney; (5) change remind poorer children to reminds  poorer children; (6) change child ever believe to child ever  believes.

Right ingredients for a successful M&A Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Right ingredients for a successful M&A - Essay Example Factors such as shifting market dynamics from US to Emerging Markets, rising healthcare demand due to ageing population, regulatory and government changes due to economic environment and patent expiration of blockbuster drugs and the failure of R&D have led companies to restructure, grow inorganically and contain costs. Rationale behind M&A in Pharma There are a number of reasons behind which organizations merge or aquire each other, the most presiding one is accelerating growth. Pharma industry has some unique growth drivers that lead the companies to grow inorganically rather in the conventional way. The key drivers of M&A growth in the pharmaceutical industries are: 1. R&D Productivity: The pharmaceutical industry is research-intensive industry, with an average R&D to sales ratio as high as 18%, compared to 4% for US manufacturing industry overall (Pharmaceutical Researchers and Manufacturers of America, 2011). The R&D process is expensive costing $1.3bn in average (Grabowski, 200 7) time-consuming (12-15 years) and highly risky in their outcomes. Hence, by joining the research expertise of the two companies, M&As can profoundly improve the research performance of the firms involved. 2. Pipeline growth: An important investing criterion in pharma firms is evaluating company’s drug pipeline. Inspite of the exorbitant R&D spend, drug pipelines of companies are quite barren, especially the late?stage pipelines. Hence it is imperative for the Pharma companies to look outside in order to fill their pipelines. 3. Search for Blockbusters: Blockbusters, defined as brands with annual sales in excess of $1 billion, continue to drive growth. Pharma companies constantly search for blockbuster drug molecules such as Eli Lily’s Prozac or Pfizer’s Lipitor to boast their... Right ingredients for a successful M&A There are a number of reasons behind which organizations merge or aquire each other, the most presiding one is accelerating growth. Pharma industry has some unique growth drivers that lead the companies to grow inorganically rather in the conventional way. The key drivers of M&A growth in the pharmaceutical industries are: R&D Productivity: The pharmaceutical industry is research-intensive industry, with an average R&D to sales ratio as high as 18%, compared to 4% for US manufacturing industry overall.The R&D process is expensive costing $1.3bn in average time-consuming and highly risky in their outcomes. Hence, by joining the research expertise of the two companies, M&As can profoundly improve the research performance of the firms involved. Pipeline growth: An important investing criterion in pharma firms is evaluating company’s drug pipeline. In spite of the exorbitant R&D spend, drug pipelines of companies are quite barren, especially the late†¨stage pipelines. Hence it is imperative for the Pharma companies to look outside in order to fill their pipelines. Blockbusters, defined as brands with annual sales in excess of $1 billion, continue to drive growth. Pharma companies constantly search for blockbuster drug molecules such as Eli Lily’s Prozac or Pfizer’s Lipitor to boast their top lines. The period for which the patented drug can be masrketed is effectively 4-5 years after which the patent owning company loses its exclusivity to market and sell the drug.

The Life of an Outsider in New York Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Life of an Outsider in New York - Essay Example On the other hand, Mosley paints a less romantic picture of America by detailing struggles of the working class. He says that although America is a land of great wealth, it has a large population of the poor population. The paradox of the situation is that while the poor people make the wealth for the rich people, the wealth is retained by a smaller part of the population. It is essential to highlight that immigrants usually provides the highest population of workers. Such workers do low-end jobs that involve tedious work. Mosley blames the middle class for their negligent attitude on the phenomenon of income inequality (White 187).   Ã‚  Capitalism, therefore, is a disease to the country since it relies on wage labor as a contributor to profits. In spite of its importance, labor is not adequately compensated for the same. On the other hand, Mosley paints a less romantic picture of America by detailing struggles of the working class. He says that although America is a land of great wealth, it has a large population of the poor population. The paradox of the situation is that while the poor people make the wealth for the rich people, the wealth is retained by a smaller part of the population. It is essential to highlight that immigrants usually provides the highest population of workers. Such workers do low-end jobs that involve tedious work. Mosley blames the middle class for their negligent attitude on the phenomenon of income inequality (White 187). Capitalism, therefore, is a disease to the country since it relies on wage labor as a contributor to profits. In spite of its importance, labor is not adequately compensated for the same.